20 Facts About TRPV1

TRPV1 is an element of or mechanism used by the mammalian somatosensory system.

TRPV1 receptors are found mainly in the nociceptive neurons of the peripheral nervous system, but they have been described in many other tissues, including the central nervous system.

TRPV1 is involved in the transmission and modulation of pain, as well as the integration of diverse painful stimuli.

Desensitization of TRPV1 is thought to underlie the paradoxical analgesic effect of capsaicin.

TRPV1 receptor is useful to be able to measure how an organism can sense temperature change.

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TRPV1 plays an important role not only in neurones but in immune cells.

TRPV1 is not the only TRP channel expressed in immune cells.

TRPV1 can be found in monocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells, T lymphocytes, natural killer cells and neutrophiles.

TRPV1 is said to be potentially very important in immune cell functioning as it senses higher temperature and lower pH, which can affect the immune cell performance.

TRPV1 is an important membrane channel in T cells as it regulates the influx of calcium cations.

TRPV1's involvement is mainly in T cell receptor signalling signalling, T cell activation and TCR-mediated influx of calcium ions, but it is involved in T cell cytokine production as well.

Indeed, T cells with TRPV1 knockout show impaired calcium uptake after T cell activation via TCR, thus they show dysregulation in signalling pathways such as NF-?B and NFAT.

TRPV1 activation caused by its agonist capsaicin was shown to induce G0-G1 cell arrest and apoptosis in leukemic cell lines, Adult T-Cell Leukaemia and Multiple Myeloma.

Interplay between neurons and immune cells is a well-known phenomenon, therefore it is no surprise that TRPV1 plays its role in neuroinflammation, as it is expressed both in neurons and in immune cells.

TRPV1 is said to contribute to autophagy of microglia via its Ca-signalling, which leads to mitochondria-induced cell death.

TRPV1 is therefore involved in the neuro-immune axis via its function in microglia as well.

TRPV1 was shown to have protective effect in neurologic disorders such as Huntington's disease, vascular dementia, and Parkinson's disease.

TRPV1 antagonists have shown efficacy in reducing nociception from inflammatory and neuropathic pain models in rats.

TRPV1 is expressed at high levels in the central nervous system and has been proposed as a target for treatment not only of pain but for other conditions such as anxiety.

Furthermore, TRPV1 appears to mediate long-term synaptic depression in the hippocampus.