26 Facts About Vargas Era

Vargas Era is the period in the history of Brazil between 1930 and 1945, when the country was governed by president Getulio Vargas.

Populist governor of Brazil's southernmost Rio Grande do Sul state, Vargas was a cattle rancher with a doctorate in law and the 1930 presidential candidate of the Liberal Alliance.

Vargas Era was a member of the gaucho-landed oligarchy and had risen through the system of patronage and clientelism, but had a fresh vision of how Brazilian politics could be shaped to support national development.

Vargas Era came from a region with a positivist and populist tradition, and was an economic nationalist who favored industrial development and liberal reforms.

Vargas Era built up political networks, and was attuned to the interests of the rising urban classes.

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Vargas Era sought to bring Brazil out of the Great Depression through statist-interventionist policies.

Vargas Era abandoned the arrangements of the "provisional government" which were characterized by social reformism that appeared to favor the generally left wing of his revolutionary coalition, the tenentes.

Amid threats of revolt, Vargas Era replaced Joao Alberto with a civilian from Sao Paulo, appointed a conservative paulista banker as his minister of finance, and announced a date for the holding of a constituent assembly.

Regardless of the attempted revolution, Vargas Era was determined to maintain his alliance with the original farmer wing of his coalition and to strengthen his ties with the Sao Paulo establishment.

Vargas Era pardoned half the bank debts of the coffee planters, who still had a significant grip on the state's electoral machinery, alleviating the crisis stemming from the collapse of the valorization program.

Vargas Era was increasingly threatened by pro-communist elements in labor critical of the rural latifundios by 1934, who sought an alliance with the country's peasant majority by backing land reform.

In 1934, armed with a new constitution drafted with extensive influence from European fascist models, Vargas began reining in even moderate trade unions and turning against the tenentes.

Vargas Era could unite with all sectors of the landed elites to stem the communists.

The mass-movement intimidating Vargas Era was the Alianca Nacional Libertadora, a leftwing popular front launched in 1935 of socialists, communists, and other progressives led by the Communist Party and Luis Carlos Prestes, known as the "knight of hope" of the tenente rebellion .

Vargas Era adapted Fascist and Nazi symbolism and the Roman salute.

However, on 10 November 1937, Vargas Era made a national radio address denouncing the existence of a communist plot to overthrow the government, called the "Cohen Plan".

In reality the Cohen Plan was forged by the government with the objective of creating a favourable atmosphere for Vargas Era to stay in power, perpetuating his rule and assuming dictatorial powers.

Vargas Era announced the adoption by Presidential fiat of a new, severely authoritarian Constitution that effectively placed all governing power in his hands.

Also, under the 1937 Constitution, Vargas Era should have remained President for only six more years, instead—again presumably due to the dangerous international situation—he remained in power until his overthrow in 1945.

In December 1937, one month after the Estado Novo coup, Vargas Era signed a Decree disbanding all political parties, including the fascist "Brazilian Integralist Action" .

Between 1937 and 1945, the duration of the Estado Novo, Vargas Era gave continuity to the formation of structure and professionalism in the State.

Vargas Era oriented the state to intervene in the economy, promoting economic nationalism.

Vargas Era gained great favour in their eyes, and was called the "Father of the Poor".

Vargas Era felt that if the country were to progress that the Indians, the very symbol of Brazilianness, should reap the benefits, ridden the label of oppression the country.

In 1943, Vargas Era promulgated the Consolidation of Labor Laws, guaranteeing that a job would be stable after ten years of service.

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Once Vargas was deposed, the military summoned his legal deputy, Jose Linhares, the President of the Supreme Federal Court, to assume the Presidency .