24 Facts About Alexander McGillivray

Alexander McGillivray, known as Hoboi-Hili-Miko, was a Muscogee leader.

Alexander McGillivray was the most "Anglicized" of Creeks, and built solid houses, planted orchards, and ran a plantation, which made him suspect.

Alexander McGillivray was born Hoboi-Hili-Miko in the Coushatta village of Little Tallassee on the Coosa River, near present-day Montgomery, Alabama, in 1750.

Alexander McGillivray and his siblings were born into the Wind Clan, as the Muscogee had a matrilineal system, and gained their status from their mother's clan.

Alexander McGillivray built trading posts among the Upper Towns of the Muscogee confederacy, whose members had formerly traded with French Louisiana.

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Alexander McGillivray's father was a delegate in the colonial Assembly, and was "a partner in a profitable mercantile firm that dealt in slaves, among other commodities".

Alexander McGillivray was apprenticed at two trading companies, one of which was the second largest importer of slaves in Georgia.

Alexander McGillivray returned to his mother's people in Little Tallassee in 1777.

Alexander McGillivray had more book learning than any other Creek, and later in life had a substantial library on natural history.

In 1783, Alexander McGillivray became the principal chief of the Upper Creek towns, or as Saunt put it, "established himself as spokesman for a Creek nation that seemed far more unified on paper than it was in reality".

At one time, Alexander McGillivray claimed that he had 5,000 to 10,000 warriors, to arrive at which figure he included the Cherokee, Seminole, and Chickamaugas he came in contact with.

Alexander McGillivray built a log house with dormer windows and a stone chimney, both all but unknown in the Creek nation.

Alexander McGillivray was not only literate, he was by far the wealthiest Creek of his time.

Alexander McGillivray sought Creek independence after the Treaty of Paris.

Alexander McGillivray sought to create mechanisms of centralized political authority, to end the traditional village autonomy by which individual chiefs had signed treaties and ceded land.

Loyalist like his father, Alexander McGillivray resented the developing United States Indian policy; however, he did not wish to leave Creek territory.

Alexander McGillivray became a leading spokesman for all the tribes along the Florida-Georgia border areas.

Alexander McGillivray was the only one who could sign his name, and Lower Creeks were soon to complain that they had no representative present, and that the Creek signers had no right to give away their lands.

Under secret provisions in the treaty, Alexander McGillivray was commissioned as a brigadier general of the US, with an annual salary of $1,200.

Alexander McGillivray was granted permission to import goods via Pensacola without paying duties, and paid $100,000 for his father's confiscated properties.

Alexander McGillivray negotiated another with Spanish officials, who ruled Louisiana.

Alexander McGillivray was a man of remarkable ability, as evident from his success in keeping both the United States and Spain paying for his influence at the same time.

Alexander McGillivray moved to Pensacola, where he became a member of the Masonic Order.

Later Alexander McGillivray's sister had his body reinterred at Choctaw Bluff, where he had earlier had his plantation, in modern Clarke County, Alabama, on the Alabama River.