12 Facts About Beiyang Army

1.

The Beiyang Army played a major role in Chinese politics for at least three decades and arguably right up to 1949.

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2.

Beiyang Army had its origins in the Newly Created Army established in late 1895 under Yuan Shikai's command, which rapidly expanded after 1901 with new recruits and by incorporating other forces.

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3.

Unlike the traditional Green Standard or Banner forces of the Qing, the Huai Beiyang Army was largely a militia army based on personal, rather than institutional, loyalties.

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4.

The Huai Beiyang Army was at first equipped with a mixture of traditional and modern weapons.

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5.

Beiyang Army founded the Baoding Military Academy, which allowed him to expand the Beiyang Army, along with several other military schools and officer training academies.

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6.

At the time of the 1911 Revolution, command of the Beiyang Army was supposedly in the hands of the Qing minister Yinchang.

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7.

Second Beiyang Army was never formed as a functional military unit as a result of mutiny, and thus never was sent to the front to assist the First Beiyang Army.

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8.

Beiyang Army refused, instead securing high commands for his two most trusted associates, Feng Guozhang and Duan Qirui.

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9.

Disunited, the power of the Beiyang Army was challenged by provincial armies such as Yan Xishan's forces in Shanxi and Zhang Zuolin's Fengtian clique.

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10.

Pressure from the Beiyang Army commanders prevented any political figure of the left taking power in the government of the Republic of China.

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11.

Beiyang Army continued to receive Japanese funding for his army, for which he was willing to grant Japan legal succession to the German rights in Shandong .

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12.

Some warlords of the Beiyang Army, including Wu Peifu and Sun Chuanfang, were defeated by Chiang's forces, and the National Revolutionary Army gradually became dominant in China.

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