26 Facts About Cossack Hetmanate

Cossack Hetmanate, officially the Zaporizhian Host or Army of Zaporizhia, was a Cossack state in the region of what is today Central Ukraine between 1648 and 1764 .

The 1667 Treaty of Andrusovo – conducted without any representation from the Cossack Hetmanate – established borders between the Polish and Russian states, dividing the Hetmanate in half along the Dnieper and putting the Zaporizhian Sich under a formal joint Russian-Polish administration.

The historiographic term Cossack Hetmanate was coined in the late 19th century, deriving from the word hetman, the title of the general of the Zaporizhian Army.

The Cossack Hetmanate was called the Country of Ukraine by the Ottoman Empire.

Cossack Hetmanate warned them he intended to resume his military campaign.

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Cossack Hetmanate invested the Zaporozhian Host under the leadership of its hetman with supreme power in the new Ruthenian state, and he unified all the spheres of Ukrainian society under his authority.

Period of Cossack Hetmanate history known as "the Ruin", lasting from 1657 to 1687, was marked by constant civil wars throughout the state.

Cossack Hetmanate's election caused widespread discontent among other regiments and the Zaporizhian Host, who sent runners to Moscow with complaints.

The Cossack Hetmanate flourished under his rule, particularly in literature and architecture.

The German visitor to the Cossack Hetmanate, writing in 1720, commented on how the son of Hetman Danylo Apostol, who had never left Ukraine, was fluent in the Latin, Italian, French, German, Polish and Russian languages Under Mazepa, the Kyiv collegium was transformed into an academy and attracted some of the leading scholars of the Orthodox world.

Cossack Hetmanate financed the building of numerous churches in Kyiv, including the Church of the Epiphany and the cathedral of St Michael's Golden-Domed Monastery, and restoration of older churches such as Saint Sophia Cathedral in Kyiv, which had deteriorated to near ruin by the mid-17th century, in a style known as Ukrainian Baroque.

Social structure of the Hetmanate consisted of five groups: the nobility, the Cossacks, the clergy, the townspeople, and the peasants.

Unlike the Polish nobles whose lands were redistributed, the nobles loyal to the Cossack Hetmanate retained their privileges, their lands, and the services of the peasants.

Together, the old nobles and the new Cossack Hetmanate officers became known as the Distinguished Military Fellows .

Twelve cities within the Cossack Hetmanate enjoyed Magdeburg rights, in which they were self-governing and controlled their own courts, finances and taxes.

Nevertheless, their obligations remained lighter than they had been prior to the uprising; and until the end of the Cossack Hetmanate, peasants were never fully enserfed and retained the right to move.

In 1649, when the Cossack Hetmanate controlled the Right and the Left Banks, it included 16 such districts.

Cossack Hetmanate's cabinet functioned simultaneously as both the general staff and as the cabinet of ministers.

Each of the regimental districts making up the Cossack Hetmanate was administered by a colonel who had dual roles as supreme military and civil authority on his territory.

In 1722 the governmental branch responsible for the Cossack Hetmanate was changed from the College of Foreign Affairs to the imperial Senate.

The collegiate consisted of four Russian appointees and four Cossack Hetmanate representatives headed by a president, Pyotr Rumyantsev, who proceeded to cautiously but firmly eliminate the vestiges of local autonomy.

Cossack Hetmanate soldiers were integrated into the Russian army, while the Cossack Hetmanate officers were granted status as Russian nobles.

The territory of the Cossack Hetmanate was reorganized into three Russian provinces whose administration was no different from that of any other provinces within the Russian Empire.

Cossack Hetmanate told each side that they had allied with the other only for tactical reasons.

In 1674, Russia invaded the Cossack Hetmanate and besieged the capital of Chyhyryn, leading the Ottomans and Crimean Tatars to send their armies to confront the Russians.

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The Russians withdrew before any confrontation happened, but the Ottomans razed and plundered the settlements in the Cossack Hetmanate that had been friendly to the Russians in accordance with Daru'l-Islam.