31 Facts About East End

East End began to emerge in the Middle Ages with initially slow urban growth outside the eastern walls, which later accelerated, especially in the 19th century, to absorb pre-existing settlements.

The East End was the urbanised part of an administrative area called the Tower Division, which had owed military service to the Tower of London since time immemorial.

Beyond these reference points, the East End has no official or generally accepted boundaries; views vary as to how much of wider East London lies within it.

East End developed along the Thames, and beyond Bishopsgate and Aldgate, the gates in the city wall that lay east of the little Walbrook river.

East End was commissioned to do so by the Vestry of the parish, who needed such a map for administrative purposes.

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The East End was the urbanised part of an administrative area called the Tower Division, which had owed military service to the Constable of the Tower for time immemorial, having its roots in the Bishop of London's historic Manor of Stepney.

East End has always contained some of London's poorest areas.

East End has historically suffered from poor housing stock and infrastructure.

Nearby, the University of East End London developed a new campus and many more cultural and educational facilities are being developed in the Olympic Park.

In 1860, the Jews of the East End formed the East Metropolitan Rifle Volunteers, a short-lived reserve unit of the British Army.

Jewish immigration to the East End peaked in the 1890s, leading to agitation which resulted in the Aliens Act 1905, which slowed immigration to the area.

Conversely, out-migration from East End London has spread the Cockney dialect beyond the capital.

East End who sails on the wide sea, is a parishioner of Stepney.

East End is the patron saint of bell ringers and various types of metalworker.

Importance of the textile industry to the East End is reflected in the inclusion of a sprig of Mulberry in the Coat of Arms of the London Borough of Tower Hamlets.

Bethnal Green mulberry tree, thought to be the oldest tree in the East End, was saved from developers after a long community campaign.

Elizabeth Fry of East End and then West Ham, was an influential social reformer, particularly noted for helping deliver the 1823 Gaols Act which significantly improved prison conditions.

Towards the end of the 19th century, a new wave of radicalism came to the East End, arriving both with Jewish emigres fleeing from Eastern European persecution, and Russian and German radicals avoiding arrest.

Philanthropist Angela Burdett-Coutts was active in the East End, alleviating poverty by founding a sewing school for ex-weavers in Spitalfields and building the ornate Columbia Market in Bethnal Green.

East End's helped to inaugurate the London Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children, was a keen supporter of the Ragged School Union, and operated housing schemes similar to those of the Model Dwellings Companies such as the East End Dwellings Company and the Four Per Cent Industrial Dwellings Company, where investors received a financial return on their philanthropy.

East End's based it at a baker's shop at Bow emblazoned with the slogan, "Votes for Women", in large gold letters.

East End's finally achieved her aim of full adult female suffrage in 1928, and along the way she alleviated some of the poverty and misery, and improved social conditions for all in the East End.

East End became a popular and familiar sight in the surrounding districts during that time.

East End preferred to stay with the poor people of East London, rather than take up the government's offer of an expensive West End hotel.

East End London was at particular risk during the early attacks due to the Kaiser's order, later rescinded, that the raiders limit themselves to targets east of the Tower of London.

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East End London was targeted because the area was a centre for imports and storage of raw materials for the war effort, and the German military command felt that support for the war could be damaged among the mainly working class inhabitants.

The organisation noted that close family and friendship links within the East End were providing the population with a surprising resilience under fire.

High levels of poverty in the East End have, throughout history, corresponded with a high incidence of crime.

East End's died wealthy, in 1669, in a house on the Highway, despite charges being brought against her and time spent in Newgate Prison.

Narrative accounts of experiences amongst the East End poor were written by Jack London in The People of the Abyss, by George Orwell in parts of his novel Down and Out in Paris and London, recounting his own experiences in the 1930s, as well as the Jewish writer Emanuel Litvinoff in his autobiographical novel Journey Through a Small Planet set in the 1930s.

However, with the rise of the Kray twins in the 1960s the dark side of East End character returned with a new emphasis on criminality and gangsterism.