14 Facts About Erzurum

Erzurum has diverse winter sports facilities and hosted the 2011 Winter Universiade.

Erzen-Erzurum fell to the Mongol siege in 1242, and the city was looted and devastated.

Erzurum reverted to Ottoman control after the signing of the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk in March 1918.

In 1919, Mustafa Kemal Ataturk, one of the key founders of the modern Turkish Republic, resigned from the Ottoman army in Erzurum and was declared an "Honorary Native" and freeman of the city, which issued him his first citizenship registration and certificate of the new Turkish Republic.

In September 1935 Erzurum was made the seat of the newly created third Inspectorate General .

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Erzurum, known as "The Rock" in NATO code, served as NATO's southeasternmost air force post during the Cold War.

Erzurum is notable for the small-scale production of objects crafted from Oltu stone: most are sold as souvenirs and include prayer beads, bracelets, necklaces, brooches, earrings and hairclips.

Now, Erzurum is the ending point of the South Caucasus Pipeline, called the Baku-Tbilisi-Erzurum pipeline.

Erzurum will be the starting point of the planned Nabucco pipeline which will carry natural gas from the Caspian Sea basin to the European Union member states.

Little of medieval Erzurum survives beyond scattered individual buildings such as the citadel fortress, and the 13th century Cifte Minareli Medrese .

Six kilometres to the south of the center of Erzurum is an important skiing center on the Palandoken Mountain range.

Erzurum is the main railroad endpoint for the Eastern Anatolia region.

Erzurum Airport, used by the Turkish Air Force, has the second longest runway in Turkey.

Erzurum has a humid continental climate with very cold, snowy winters and warm, dry summers.