16 Facts About Euphrates

Ancient Greek form Euphrates was adapted from Old Persian ???????????? Ufratu, itself from Elamite ?????????? u-ip-ra-tu-is.

Euphrates is called Yeprat in Armenian, Perat in modern Hebrew, in Turkish and in Kurdish.

In Mandaean scriptures, the Euphrates is considered to be the earthly manifestation of the heavenly yardna or flowing river.

The average natural annual flow of the Euphrates has been determined from early- and mid-twentieth century records as 20.

Discharge regime of the Euphrates has changed dramatically since the construction of the first dams in the 1970s.

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Data on Euphrates discharge collected after 1990 show the impact of the construction of the numerous dams in the Euphrates and of the increased withdrawal of water for irrigation.

The steady drop in annual rainfall from the sources of the Euphrates toward the Persian Gulf is a strong determinant for the vegetation that can be supported.

Sixteenth to nineteenth century European travellers in the Syrian Euphrates basin reported on an abundance of animals living in the area, many of which have become rare or even extinct.

Hindiya Barrage on the Iraqi Euphrates, based on plans by British civil engineer William Willcocks and finished in 1913, was the first modern water diversion structure built in the Tigris–Euphrates river system.

Construction of the dams and irrigation schemes on the Euphrates has had a significant impact on the environment and society of each riparian country.

Water quality in the Iraqi Euphrates is low because irrigation water tapped in Turkey and Syria flows back into the river, together with dissolved fertilizer chemicals used on the fields.

The combined GAP projects on the Turkish Euphrates have led to major international efforts to document the archaeological and cultural heritage of the endangered parts of the valley.

Early occupation of the Euphrates basin was limited to its upper reaches; that is, the area that is popularly known as the Fertile Crescent.

Habuba Kabira on the Syrian Euphrates is a prominent example of a settlement that is interpreted as an Uruk colony.

Large parts of the Euphrates basin were for the first time united under a single ruler during the Akkadian Empire and Ur III empires, which controlled – either directly or indirectly through vassals – large parts of modern-day Iraq and northeastern Syria.

Clause 109 of the treaty stipulated that the three riparian states of the Euphrates had to reach a mutual agreement on the use of its water and on the construction of any hydraulic installation.