Francois Bernier was a French physician and traveller.
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18 Facts About Francois Bernier
2.
Francois Bernier wrote Travels in the Mughal Empire, which is mainly about the reigns of Dara Shikoh and Aurangzeb.
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3.
However, Francois Bernier remained uncomfortable with some of Gassendi's notions: in 1682, Estienne Michallet was again his publisher, putting forth his Doutes de Mr Francois Bernier sur quelques-uns des principaux Chapitres de son Abrege de la Philosophie de Gassendi.
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4.
Source: This description of the life of Francois Bernier is abstracted from a French introduction by France Bhattacharya to an edition of Voyage dans les Etats du Grand Mogol.
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5.
Son of a farmer, Francois Bernier, was orphaned very young and was cared for by his uncle, the cure de Chanzeaux.
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Mughal Empire Dara Shikoh Aurangzeb France Germany Poland Bengal Surat London Pierre Bayle Netherlands Paris Egyptians India7.
Francois Bernier subsequently visited the other extreme of the empire in Bengal.
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8.
Francois Bernier returned once more to Surat to write a memoir on Indian commerce for the use of Jean-Baptiste Colbert.
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9.
In 1685 Francois Bernier visited London where he met with some famous exiles from France: Hortense Mancini, Duchesse de Mazarin, niece of the redoubtable Cardinal; Saint-Evremond; others.
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10.
Francois Bernier returned to Paris via the Netherlands, where he probably visited his philosophical correspondent Pierre Bayle.
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11.
Francois Bernier died in 1688 in Paris, the year that saw the publication of his "Lettre sur le quietisme des Indes".
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12.
In 1684 Francois Bernier published a brief essay dividing humanity into what he called "races", distinguishing individuals, and particularly women, by skin color and a few other physical traits.
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13.
Francois Bernier emphasized that his novel classification was based on his personal experience as a traveler in different parts of the world.
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14.
Francois Bernier offered a distinction between essential genetic differences and accidental ones that depended on environmental factors.
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15.
Francois Bernier suggested that the latter criterion might be relevant to distinguish sub-types.
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16.
Francois Bernier had been the first to extend the concept of "species of man" to classify racially the entirety of humanity, but he did not establish a cultural hierarchy between the so-called 'races' that he had conceived.
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17.
Francois Bernier asserts that Indians, like Egyptians, have a skin color that is “accidental, resulting from their exposure to the sun”.
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