The HAL AMCA which is intended to perform a multitude of missions including Air supremacy, Ground-Strike, Suppression of Enemy Air Defenses and Electronic Warfare (EW) missions would be a potent replacement for the Sukhoi Su-30MKI air superiority fighter, which forms the backbone of the IAF fighter fleet.
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The HAL AMCA design is optimised for low radar cross section and supercruise capability.
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The HAL AMCA is currently the only 5th generation fighter under development in India, expected to get Ministry of Defence approval in 2022.
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From November 2013 to December 2014, 9 configurations of HAL AMCA, starting from 3B-01 to 3B-09, were studied using CAD, low speed - high speed wind tunnel testing and radar cross section testing and eventually by the end of 2014, configuration 3B-09 was chosen.
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In 2015, basic design configuration of HAL AMCA was finalized and a detailed HAL AMCA programme report was submitted to the IAF, which after review gave concurrence to the programme.
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On 4 April 2018, Indian Defence Minister Nirmala Sitharaman in a written reply to the Lok Sabha confirmed that the feasibility study for the HAL AMCA programme has been completed and the programme would be completed in two phases viz, technology demonstration phase and full scale engineering development phase.
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The Detailed Design Phase of HAL AMCA has commenced in 2018, as part of the phase, a full-scale model of HAL AMCA will be developed for testing stealth features.
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The Mark 2 of HAL AMCA would incorporate sixth generation features and technologies to stay relevant in the coming decades.
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In 2015, 700 ADA employees were working on the project along with 2, 000 employees of DRDO and 1, 000 employees of HAL AMCA supported by over 500 employees of subcontractors of both Indian and foreign firms.
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Work on various technologies was carried out by multiple establishments of DRDO, ADA and HAL AMCA which included stealth, engine, three-dimensional thrust vectoring, AESA radar, internal weapons bay, serpentine air intakes and all other major avionics.
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Ongoing consultation happened in November 2021 between IAF, HAL, DRDO, ADA, Ministry of Defence and Ministry of Finance as final design of AMCA prototype is getting ready for approval from Cabinet Committee on Security.
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On 9 March 2022, the commencement of the manufacturing activities of HAL AMCA was announced, starting with the leading edge of the aircraft.
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HAL AMCA is a twin-engine, stealth supersonic multi-role fighter designed for the IAF.
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At present, the HAL AMCA is planned as a fifth generation fighter but will integrate emerging, best of breed sixth generation technologies over time.
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The HAL AMCA would be the first fifth generation fighter to enter service with the Indian Air Force.
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The HAL AMCA is designed to produce a very small radar cross-section, to accomplish this it features “S-shaped” air-intakes to reduce radar exposure to the fan blade which increases stealth, uses an internal weapons bay and features the use of composites and other materials.
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The HAL AMCA will have some sixth generation characteristics such as an optionally manned, directed energy weapons, capable of controlling UCAVs and swarm drones.
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HAL AMCA design has inherent radar stealth, achieved through platform edge alignment and serration, body conformal antenna and low intercept radar, Diverterless supersonic inlet with serpentine ducts which conceal engine fan blades, internal weapons bay and extensive use of composites in airframe.
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HAL AMCA is expected to have distributed passive sensors with Artificial intelligence assisted multi-sensor data fusion to increase situational awareness and to work in tandem with the advanced electronic warfare (EW) suite onboard HAL AMCA.
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The HAL AMCA has a distributed processing system employing fast processors and smart subsystems.
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The HAL AMCA will have an integrated vehicle health monitoring system which works on sensor fusion.
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HAL AMCA will be equipped with a larger and powerful variant of the Uttam AESA Radar which will use gallium nitride technology.
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HAL AMCA will have a glass cockpit equipped with a wide panoramic touchscreen display for enhanced man-machine interaction, a multi function display placed in portrait orientation and a wide-angle holographic head-up display (HUD).
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The HAL AMCA will have hands-on throttle-and-stick arrangement with right hand on stick and left hand on throttle settings to ease the pilot workload.
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HAL AMCA is to be powered by two afterburning turbofan engines mounted side by side in the fuselage, fed by Diverterless supersonic inlets.
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