Hydrogen sulfide is a chemical compound with the formula S It is a colorless chalcogen-hydride gas, and is poisonous, corrosive, and flammable, with trace amounts in ambient atmosphere having a characteristic foul odor of rotten eggs.
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Hydrogen sulfide is toxic to humans and most other animals by inhibiting cellular respiration in a manner similar to hydrogen cyanide.
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Hydrogen sulfide is often produced from the microbial breakdown of organic matter in the absence of oxygen, such as in swamps and sewers; this process is commonly known as anaerobic digestion, which is done by sulfate-reducing microorganisms.
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Hydrogen sulfide reacts with metal ions to form metal sulfides, which are insoluble, often dark colored solids.
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Hydrogen sulfide is responsible for tarnishing on various metals including copper and silver; the chemical responsible for black toning found on silver coins is silver sulfide, which is produced when the silver on the surface of the coin reacts with atmospheric hydrogen sulfide.
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Hydrogen sulfide can be generated in cells via enzymatic or non enzymatic pathway.
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Hydrogen sulfide can be synthesized by non-enzymatic pathway, which is derived from proteins such as ferredoxins and Rieske proteins.
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Hydrogen sulfide has been shown to be involved in physiological processes such as vasodilation in animals, as well as in increasing seed germination and stress responses in plants.
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Hydrogen sulfide signaling is innately intertwined with physiological processes that are known to be moderated by reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species .
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Hydrogen sulfide is known to increase the levels of glutathione which acts to reduce or disrupt ROS levels in cells.
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Well over a century hydrogen sulfide was important in analytical chemistry in the qualitative inorganic analysis of metal ions.
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For example, gases or waters contaminated by hydrogen sulfide can be cleaned with metals, by forming metal sulfides.
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Hydrogen sulfide is used to separate deuterium oxide, or heavy water, from normal water via the Girdler sulfide process.
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Coins can be intentionally treated with hydrogen sulfide to induce toning, though artificial toning can be distinguished from natural toning, and is generally criticised among collectors.
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Volcanoes and some hot springs emit some S, where it probably arises via the hydrolysis of sulfide minerals, i e MS + O ? MO + S Hydrogen sulfide can be present naturally in well water, often as a result of the action of sulfate-reducing bacteria.
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Hydrogen sulfide is produced by the human body in small quantities through bacterial breakdown of proteins containing sulfur in the intestinal tract, therefore it contributes to the characteristic odor of flatulence.
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Besides living near gas and oil drilling operations, ordinary citizens can be exposed to hydrogen sulfide by being near waste water treatment facilities, landfills and farms with manure storage.
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In industrial anaerobic digestion processes, such as waste water treatment or the digestion of organic waste from agriculture, hydrogen sulfide can be formed from the reduction of sulfate and the degradation of amino acids and proteins within organic compounds.
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In such processes, the hydrogen sulfide is first converted to an ammonium salt, whereas the natural gas is unaffected.
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BiHydrogen sulfide anion is subsequently regenerated by heating of the amine Hydrogen sulfide solution.
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Hydrogen sulfide generated in this process is typically converted to elemental sulfur using the Claus Process.
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Hydrogen sulfide is a broad-spectrum poison, meaning that it can poison several different systems in the body, although the nervous system is most affected.
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Since hydrogen sulfide occurs naturally in the body, the environment, and the gut, enzymes exist to detoxify it.
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Hydrogen sulfide was used by the British Army as a chemical weapon during World War I It was not considered to be an ideal war gas, but, while other gases were in short supply, it was used on two occasions in 1916.
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Dump of toxic waste containing hydrogen sulfide is believed to have caused 17 deaths and thousands of illnesses in Abidjan, on the West African coast, in the 2006 Cote d'Ivoire toxic waste dump.
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Hydrogen sulfide had built up in an upstream tank, which had been left stagnant and untreated with biocide during the maintenance period.
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Hydrogen sulfide is a central participant in the sulfur cycle, the biogeochemical cycle of sulfur on Earth.
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Some hydrogen sulfide will react with metal ions in the water to produce metal sulfides, which are not water-soluble.
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Biochemistry of hydrogen sulfide is a key part of the chemistry of the iron-sulfur world.
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Hydrogen sulfide is lethal to most animals, but a few highly specialized species do thrive in habitats that are rich in this compound.
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Freshwater springs rich in hydrogen sulfide are mainly home to invertebrates, but include a small number of fish: Cyprinodon bobmilleri, Limia sulphurophila, Gambusia eurystoma, and a few Poecilia .
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Hydrogen sulfide has often been detected in the interstellar medium.
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Hydrogen sulfide has been implicated in several mass extinctions that have occurred in the Earth's past.
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