11 Facts About London Clay

London Clay Formation is a marine geological formation of Ypresian age which crops out in the southeast of England.

London Clay is a stiff bluish clay which becomes brown when weathered and oxidized.

London Clay is well developed in the London Basin, where it thins westwards from around 150 metres in Essex and north Kent to around 4.

One location of particular interest is Oxshott Heath, where the overlying sand and the London Clay layers are exposed as a sand escarpment, rising approximately 25 metres .

The London Clay is well developed in the Hampshire Basin, where an exposure 91 metres thick occurs at Whitecliff Bay on the Isle of Wight and around 101 metres is spread along 6 kilometres of foreshore at Bognor Regis, West Sussex.

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London Clay was deposited in a sea up to 200 metres deep at the eastern end.

Youngest part of the London Clay, known as the Claygate Beds or Claygate Member forms a transition between the clay and the sandier Bagshot Beds above.

London Clay is highly susceptible to volumetric changes depending upon its moisture content.

London Clay is an ideal medium for boring tunnels, which is one reason why the London Underground railway network expanded very quickly north of the River Thames.

London Clay has a stand-up time long enough to enable support to be installed without urgency.

When compressed and burnt, London Clay can be fashioned into brick known as London stock, identifiable by its yellowish brown hue.