25 Facts About Northumbria

Northumbria started to consolidate into one kingdom in the early seventh century, when the two earlier core territories of Deira and Bernicia entered into a dynastic union.

Northumbria ceased to be an independent kingdom in the mid-tenth century when Deira was conquered by the Danes and formed into the Kingdom of York.

Anglo-Saxon kingdom of Northumbria was originally two kingdoms divided approximately around the River Tees: Bernicia was to the north of the river and Deira to the south.

Northumbria exiled the Deiran Edwin to the court of King Rædwald of the East Angles in order to claim both kingdoms, but Edwin returned in approximately 616 to conquer Northumbria with Rædwald's aid.

Northumbria's rule was notable for his numerous victories over the Britons and the Gaels.

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Northumbria converted to Christianity two years later after a period of heavy consideration and after consulting numerous advisors.

Northumbria was venerated as a saint and martyr after his death.

Northumbria's reign was quite prosperous and saw great strides in many fields such as law and economics, but was characterized by frequent clashes with the Scots and the Vikings.

Northumbria held two short terms as King of Northumbria, from 947 to 948 and 952 to 954.

Northumbria was nominally the ruler of Northumbria from 946, as he succeeded Eadmund, but had to deal with the threat of independent Viking kingdoms under Amlaib Cuaran and Eric Bloodaxe.

Northumbria permanently absorbed Northumbria into the English Kingdom in 954 after the death of Eric.

Between the years of 737 AD and 806 AD, Northumbria had ten kings, all of whom were murdered, deposed, or exiled or became monks.

Kings during the Danish rule of Northumbria were often either kings of a larger North Sea or Danish empire, or were installed rulers.

Succession in Northumbria was hereditary, which left princes whose fathers died before they could come of age particularly susceptible to assassination and usurpation.

Northumbria survived one assassination attempt early in his rule, but fell victim to another assassin at the age of nineteen.

The surviving Earldom of Northumbria was then disputed between the emerging kingdoms of England and Scotland, to be split roughly in half along the River Tweed.

Christianity culture of Northumbria was influenced by the continent as well as Ireland.

Since Northumbria was converted to Christianity by the Celtic clergy, the Celtic tradition for determining the date of Easter and Irish tonsure were supported by many, particularly by the Abbey of Lindisfarne.

The King decided at Whitby that Roman practice would be adopted throughout Northumbria, thereby bringing Northumbria in line with Southern England and Western Europe.

The episcopal seat of Northumbria transferred from Lindisfarne to York, which later became an archbishopric in 735.

The Lindisfarne Gospels survived, but monastic culture in Northumbria went into a period of decline in the early ninth century.

Christian culture of Northumbria, fuelled by influences from the continent and Ireland, promoted a broad range of literary and artistic works.

Northumbria's has become both a template for later historians and a crucial historical account in its own right, and much of it focuses on Northumbria.

The Franks Casket, believed to have been produced in Northumbria, includes depictions of Germanic legends and stories of the founding Roman and the Roman Church and is dated to the early eighth century.

Northumbria's economy centred around agriculture, with livestock and land being popular units of value in local trade.

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