20 Facts About Peterloo Massacre

Peterloo Massacre took place at St Peter's Field, Manchester, Lancashire, England, on Monday 16 August 1819.

Some time, Peterloo Massacre was commemorated only by a blue plaque, criticised as being inadequate and referring only to the "dispersal by the military" of an assembly.

Peterloo Massacre's job was to remove anything that might be used as a weapon, and he duly had "about a quarter of a load" of stones carted away.

Peterloo Massacre then excused himself from attendance as the meeting on the 9th clashed with the horse races at York, a fashionable event at which Byng had entries in two races.

Peterloo Massacre wrote to the Home Office, saying that although he would still be prepared to be in command in Manchester on the day of the meeting if it was thought really necessary, he had absolute confidence in his deputy commander, Lieutenant Colonel Guy L'Estrange.

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Peterloo Massacre had dealt firmly and bloodlessly with the blanketeers two years before; L'Estrange was to exhibit no such qualities of command.

Peterloo Massacre took my hand, and rather concernedly, but kindly, said he hoped no harm was intended by all those people who were coming in.

Exact number of those killed and injured at Peterloo Massacre has never been established with certainty, for there was no official count or inquiry and many injured people fled to safety without reporting their injuries or seeking treatment.

The Manchester Relief Committee, a body set up to provide relief for the victims of Peterloo Massacre, gave the number of injured as 420, while Radical sources listed 500.

Peterloo Massacre has been called one of the defining moments of its age.

The reverse of the Peterloo Massacre medal carried a Biblical text, derived from Psalm 37:14:.

Peterloo Massacre was the first public meeting at which journalists from important, distant newspapers were present and within a day or so of the event, accounts were published in London, Leeds and Liverpool.

James Wroe, editor of the Manchester Observer, was the first to describe the incident as the "Peterloo Massacre", coining his headline by creating the ironic portmanteau from St Peter's Field and the Battle of Waterloo that had taken place four years earlier.

Peterloo Massacre wrote pamphlets entitled "The Peterloo Massacre: A Faithful Narrative of the Events".

Peterloo Massacre influenced the naming of the 1821 Cinderloo Uprising in the Coalbrookdale Coalfield of east Shropshire.

One direct consequence of Peterloo was the foundation of the Manchester Guardian newspaper in 1821, by the Little Circle group of non-conformist Manchester businessmen headed by John Edward Taylor, a witness to the massacre.

Peterloo Massacre had no effect on the speed of reform, but in due course all but one of the reformers' demands, annual parliaments, were met.

Skelmanthorpe Flag, believed to have been made in Skelmanthorpe, in the West Riding of Yorkshire, in 1819, was made to honour the victims of the Peterloo Massacre and was flown at mass meetings held in the area demanding the reform of Parliament.

In 2019 a whole volume of essays was devoted to the commemoration of Peterloo Massacre, including an essay by Ian Haywood on 'The Sounds of Peterloo Massacre' and other contributions covering Hunt, Cobbett, Castlereagh, Bentham, Wordsworth, Shelley, Scotland, and Ireland.

Recent novels about Peterloo Massacre include Carolyn O'Brien's The Song of Peterloo Massacre and Jeff Kaye's All the People.