In classical antiquity, Phrygia was a kingdom in the west central part of Anatolia, in what is Asian Turkey, centered on the Sangarios River.
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Phrygia then became subject to Lydia, and then successively to Persia, Alexander and his Hellenistic successors, Pergamon, the Roman Empire and the Byzantine Empire.
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Phrygia describes an area on the western end of the high Anatolian plateau, an arid region quite unlike the forested lands to the north and west of it.
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Southwestern Phrygia is watered by the Maeander and its tributary the Lycus, and contains the towns of Laodicea on the Lycus and Hierapolis.
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Phrygia was famous for its wine and had "brave and expert" horsemen.
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In one of the so-called Homeric Hymns, Phrygia is said to be "rich in fortresses" and ruled by "famous Otreus".
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For purposes of provincial administration, the Romans maintained a divided Phrygia, attaching the northeastern part to the province of Galatia and the western portion to the province of Asia.
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Phrygia was the scene of another musical contest, between Apollo and Pan.
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Thereafter, the kingdom of Phrygia seems to have become fragmented among various kings.
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