Process of linguistic standardization of Serbo-Croatian language was originally initiated in the mid-19th-century Vienna Literary Agreement by Croatian and Serbian writers and philologists, decades before a Yugoslav state was established.
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Serbo-Croatian language generally goes by the individual names Serbian, Croatian, Bosnian, and sometimes Montenegrin and Bunjevac.
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The term Serbo-Croatian language was first used by Jacob Grimm in 1824, popularized by the Viennese philologist Jernej Kopitar in the following decades, and accepted by Croatian Zagreb grammarians in 1854 and 1859.
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Yet, in practice, the variants of the conceived common literary Serbo-Croatian language served as different literary variants, chiefly differing in lexical inventory and stylistic devices.
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The common phrase describing this situation was that Serbo-Croatian or "Croatian or Serbian" was a single language.
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The official Serbo-Croatian language was called "Serbo-Croato-Slovenian" in the 1921 constitution.
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All variants of Serbo-Croatian language were used in state administration and republican and federal institutions.
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However, legal equality could not dampen the prestige Serbo-Croatian had: since it was the language of three quarters of the population, it functioned as an unofficial lingua franca.
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Serbo-Croatian is a second language of many Slovenians and Macedonians, especially those born during the time of Yugoslavia.
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Apart from Slovene, Serbo-Croatian is the only Slavic language with a pitch accent system.
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Neo-Shtokavian Serbo-Croatian language, which is used as the basis for standard Bosnian, Croatian, Montenegrin, and Serbian, has four "accents", which involve either a rising or falling tone on either long or short vowels, with optional post-tonic lengths:.
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Serbo-Croatian language dialects differ not only in the question word they are named after, but heavily in phonology, accentuation and intonation, case endings and tense system and basic vocabulary.
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Nature and classification of Serbo-Croatian language has been the subject of long-standing sociolinguistic debate.
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The question is whether Serbo-Croatian should be called a single language or a cluster of closely related languages.
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In 2017, numerous prominent writers, scientists, journalists, activists and other public figures from Croatia, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Montenegro and Serbia signed the Declaration on the Common Language, which states that in Croatia, Serbia, Bosnia-Herzegovina and Montenegro a common polycentric standard Serbo-Croatian language is used, consisting of several standard varieties, such as German, English or Spanish.
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Serbo-Croatian language calls BCS a single language for communicative linguistic purposes, but three separate languages for symbolic non-linguistic purposes.
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International Organization for Standardization has specified different Universal Decimal Classification numbers for Croatian and Serbian, while the cover term Serbo-Croatian language is used to refer to the combination of original signs .
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Serbo-Croatian language said that Serbo-Croatian should be considered one language in a scientific sense under the "Serbo-Croatian" label, but four different languages in an administrative sense.
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The term "Serbo-Croatian language" is not officially used in any of the successor countries of former Yugoslavia.
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