Sixtus V is recognized as a significant figure of the Counter-Reformation.
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Sixtus V is recognized as a significant figure of the Counter-Reformation.
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Sixtus V is the most recent pope to date to take on the pontifical name "Sixtus".
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Sixtus V's father had taken refuge in Grottammare to escape the oppression of the Duke of Urbino, finding there a job as a gardener.
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Sixtus V had three years earlier already been ordained as a deacon.
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Sixtus V was sent to Venice as inquisitor general of the Venetian Holy Inquisition, but was so severe and conducted matters in such a high-handed manner that he became embroiled in quarrels.
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Sixtus V hurried back to Rome upon the accession of Pius V, who made him apostolic vicar of his order, and, later, cardinal.
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Sixtus V prided himself upon his hoard, but the method by which it had been amassed was financially unsound: some of the taxes proved ruinous, and the withdrawal of so much money from circulation could not fail to cause distress.
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Sixtus V had no appreciation of antiquities, which were employed as raw material to serve his urbanistic and Christianising programs: Trajan's Column and the Column of Marcus Aurelius were made to serve as pedestals for the statues of SS Peter and Paul; the Minerva of the Capitol was converted into an emblem of Christian Rome; the Septizodium of Septimius Severus was demolished for its building materials.
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Sixtus V doubled the number of the congregations and enlarged their functions, assigning to them the principal role in the transaction of business.
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Sixtus V mediated radical changes to their constitution, but death prevented the execution of his purpose.
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Sixtus V created 33 cardinals in eight consistories during his reign, which included his grandnephew Alessandro Peretti di Montalto and his future successor Ippolito Aldobrandini who would later become Pope Clement VIII.
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In 1588, Sixtus V published the bull Immensa Aeterni Dei which reorganised the Roman Curia into departments.
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Sixtus V agreed to renew the excommunication of Queen Elizabeth I of England, and to grant a large subsidy to the Armada of Philip II, but, knowing the slowness of Spain, would give nothing until the expedition actually landed in England.
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Sixtus V extended the penalty of excommunication relating to the Roman Catholic Church's teaching on contraception and abortion.
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Sixtus V attempted in 1586 to introduce into the secular law in Rome the Old Testament penalty for adultery, which is death.
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