20 Facts About Thomism

Thomism is the philosophical and theological school that arose as a legacy of the work and thought of Thomas Aquinas, the Dominican philosopher, theologian, and Doctor of the Church.

Thomism's doctrines drew from Greek, Roman, Islamic and Jewish philosophers.

Thomism often affirmed Aristotle's views with independent arguments, and largely followed Aristotelian terminology and metaphysics.

Thomism wrote comprehensive commentaries on Aristotle, and respectfully referred to him simply as "the Philosopher".

Thomism recognizes four different species of law, which he defines as "an ordinance of reason for the common good, made by him who has care of the community, and promulgated":.

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Molinism is a school that is part of Thomism in the general sense, yet it must be born in mind that, here, Thomism and Molinism oppose each other.

Thomism remains a school of philosophy today, and influential in Catholicism, though "The Church has no philosophy of her own nor does she canonize any one particular philosophy in preference to others.

In recent years, the cognitive neuroscientist Walter Freeman proposes that Thomism is the philosophical system explaining cognition that is most compatible with neurodynamics, in a 2008 article in the journal Mind and Matter entitled "Nonlinear Brain Dynamics and Intention According to Aquinas.

Thomism began to decline in popularity in the modern period, which was inaugurated by Rene Descartes' works Discourse on the Method in 1637 and Meditations on First Philosophy in 1641.

Thomism was always alive in the Dominican Order, small as it was after the ravages of the Reformation, the French Revolution, and the Napoleonic occupation.

Outside the Dominican Order Thomism has had varying fortunes leading some to periodize it historically or thematically.

Thomist revival that began in the mid-19th century, sometimes called "neo-scholasticism" or "neo-Thomism, " can be traced to figures such as Angelicum professor Tommaso Maria Zigliara, Jesuits Josef Kleutgen, and Giovanni Maria Cornoldi, and secular priest Gaetano Sanseverino.

Neo-Scholastic Thomism identifies with the philosophical and theological tradition stretching back to the time of St Thomas.

Cracow Circle Thomism has been called "the most significant expression of Catholic thought between the two World Wars.

Etienne Gilson, the key proponent of existential Thomism, tended to emphasize the importance of historical exegesis but to deemphasize Aquinas's continuity with the Aristotelian tradition, and like Cornelio Fabro of the Neo-scholastic school, to highlight the originality of Aquinas's doctrine of being as existence.

Thomism was critical of the Neo-Scholastics' focus on the tradition of the commentators, and given what he regarded as their insufficient emphasis on being or existence accused them of "essentialism".

The alternative label "River Forest Thomism" derives from a suburb of Chicago, the location of the Albertus Magnus Lyceum for Natural Science, whose members have been associated with this approach.

Lublin Thomism, which derives its name from the Catholic University of Lublin in Poland where it is centered, is sometimes called "phenomenological Thomism.

Analytical Thomism described by John Haldane, its key proponent, as "a broad philosophical approach that brings into mutual relationship the styles and preoccupations of recent English-speaking philosophy and the concepts and concerns shared by Aquinas and his followers".

Thomism was criticized by Bertrand Russell in A History of Western Philosophy.