12 Facts About Vitreous enamel

The term "Vitreous enamel" is most often restricted to work on metal, which is the subject of this article.

In Britain, probably through preserved Celtic craft skills, Vitreous enamel survived until the hanging bowls of early Anglo-Saxon art.

Problem that adds to the uncertainty over early Vitreous enamel is artefacts that appear to have been prepared for Vitreous enamel, but have now lost whatever filled the cloisons or backing to a champleve piece.

Once Vitreous enamel becomes more common, as in medieval Europe after about 1000, the assumption that Vitreous enamel was originally used becomes safer.

In European art history, Vitreous enamel was at its most important in the Middle Ages, beginning with the Late Romans and then the Byzantine, who began to use cloisonne Vitreous enamel in imitation of cloisonne inlays of precious stones.

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The Byzantine Vitreous enamel style was widely adopted by the peoples of Migration Period northern Europe.

Limoges enamel was made in Limoges, France, the most famous centre of vitreous enamel production in Western Europe, though Spain made a good deal.

Vitreous enamel is known for and (wireless cloisonne): techniques developed with Wagener in which the wire are minimised or burned away completely with acid.

Resurgence in Vitreous enamel-based art took place near the end of the 20th century in the Soviet Union, led by artists like Alexei Maximov and Leonid Efros.

Vitreous enamel has many useful properties: it is smooth, hard, chemically resistant, durable, scratch resistant, has long-lasting colour fastness, is easy to clean, and cannot burn.

One of the most widespread modern uses of Vitreous enamel is in the production of quality chalk-boards and marker-boards where the resistance of Vitreous enamel to wear and chemicals ensures that 'ghosting', or unerasable marks, do not occur, as happens with polymer boards.

Colour in Vitreous enamel is obtained by the addition of various minerals, often metal oxides cobalt, praseodymium, iron, or neodymium.