17 Facts About Yamuna

Yamuna, spelt Jumna, is the second-largest tributary river of the Ganges by discharge and the longest tributary in India.

At the Hathni Kund Barrage, its waters are diverted into two large canals: the Western Yamuna Canal flowing towards Haryana and the Eastern Yamuna Canal towards Uttar Pradesh.

Beyond that point the Yamuna is joined by the Somb, a seasonal rivulet from Haryana, and by the highly polluted Hindon River near Noida, by Najafgarh drain near Wazirabad and by various other drains, so that it continues only as a trickling sewage-bearing drain before joining the Chambal at Pachnada in the Etawah District of Uttar Pradesh.

Yamuna changed its course to the east due to a shift in the slope of the earth's crust caused by plate tectonics.

Yamunotri temple, a shrine dedicated to the goddess Yamuna, is one of the holiest shrines in Hinduism, and part of the Chota Char Dham Yatra circuit.

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Morainic deposits are found along the steep Upper Yamuna, highlighted with geomorphic features such as interlocking spurs, steep rock benches, gorges and stream terraces.

The Yamuna receives wastewater from Yamuna Nagar and Panipat cities; beyond this it is replenished by seasonal streams and groundwater accrual.

Yamuna defines the state borders between Himachal Pradesh and Uttarakhand, and between Haryana, Delhi and Uttar Pradesh.

Geological evidence indicates that in the distant past the Yamuna was a tributary of the Ghaggar River.

Yamuna has the following six functional barrages, from north-west to southeast:.

Yamuna is one of the National Waterways of India, designated as NW110 in Haryana, Delhi and Uttar Pradesh.

Padma Purana describes Yamuna's purifying properties and states that her waters cleanse the mind from sin.

Yamuna's is the twin sister of Yama, the god of death, and is known as Yami.

The Agni Purana describes Yamuna as having a dark complexion, mounted on a turtle, and holding a pot in her hand.

High Court in the northern Indian state of Uttarakhand ordered in March 2017 that the Ganges and its main tributary, the Yamuna, be assigned the status of legal entities, making the rivers "legal and living entities having the status of a legal person with all corresponding rights, duties and liabilities".

In 1909, the waters of the Yamuna were distinguishable as clear blue, when compared to the silt-laden yellow of the Ganges.

However, due to high-density population growth and fast industrialisation, Yamuna has become one of the most polluted rivers in the world.