16 Facts About Al-Andalus

Al-Andalus became a major educational center for Europe and the lands around the Mediterranean Sea as well as a conduit for cultural and scientific exchange between the Islamic and Christian worlds.

Al-Andalus was succeeded by his son, Hisham I, who secured power of exiling his brother who had tried to rebel against him.

Al-Andalus'sham enjoyed a stable reign of eight years and was succeeded by his son Al-Hakam I The next few decades were relatively uneventful, with only occasional minor rebellions, and saw the rise of the emirate.

Al-Andalus rose to power with no opposition and sought to reform the emirate.

Al-Andalus quickly reorganized the bureaucracy to be more efficient and built many mosques across the emirate.

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Al-Andalus's reign marked a decline in the emirate, which was ended by Abd al-Rahman III.

Al-Andalus declared that the next emir would be his grandson Abd al-Rahman III, ignoring the claims of his four living children.

Al-Andalus's book is significant because it uses principles of Galenic medicine, such as humorism and the theory of four temperaments, as the basis of its medical recommendations.

Al-Andalus built on the work of older astronomers, like Muhammad ibn Musa al-Khwarizmi, whose astronomical tables he wrote a discussion on and subsequently improved.

Al-Andalus accurately calculated the motion of the solar apogee to be 12.

Al-Andalus was a key centre of Jewish life during the early Middle Ages, producing important scholars and one of the most stable and wealthy Jewish communities.

Jewish poetry from Al-Andalus developed, mostly but not exclusively in Hebrew, with significant consonance with Arabic poetry in both theme and form.

Al-Andalus'storian Said al-Andalus wrote that Caliph Abd-ar-Rahman III had collected libraries of books and granted patronage to scholars of medicine and "ancient sciences".

Al-Andalus is said to have brought the 51 "Epistles of the Brethren of Purity" to al-Andalus and added the compendium to this work, although it is quite possible that it was added later by another scholar with the name al-Majriti.

Encyclopedia of Homosexuality states that "Al-Andalus had many links to Hellenistic culture, and except for the Almoravid and Almohadic periods, it was hedonistic and tolerant of homosexuality, indeed one of the times in world history in which sensuality of all sorts has been most openly enjoyed.

Al-Andalus has left its mark on the world and has been celebrated for religious diversity and as a leader in science and innovation.