27 Facts About Canadian English

Canadian English encompasses the varieties of English native to Canada.

The precise influence of American English, British English and other sources on Canadian English varieties has been the ongoing focus of systematic studies since the 1950s.

Canadian English is the product of five waves of immigration and settlement over a period of more than two centuries.

The first large wave of permanent English-speaking settlement in Canada, and linguistically the most important, was the influx of Loyalists fleeing the American Revolution, chiefly from the Mid-Atlantic States—as such, Canadian English is believed by some scholars to have derived from northern American English.

Canadian English has been developing features of its own since the early 19th century.

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Historically, Canadian English included a class-based sociolect known as Canadian dainty.

Canadian spelling of the English language combines British and American conventions, the two dominant varieties, and adds some domestic idiosyncrasies.

Canadian English spelling conventions can be partly explained by Canada's trade history.

Contemporary reference for formal Canadian English spelling is the spelling used for Hansard transcripts of the Parliament of Canada.

Canadian English newspapers received much of their international content from American press agencies, therefore it was much easier for editorial staff to leave the spellings from the wire services as provided.

The Star had always avoided using recognized Canadian English spelling, citing the Gage Canadian English Dictionary in their defence.

In 1997, the ITP Nelson Dictionary of the Canadian English Language was another product, but has not been updated since.

Canadian English raising is quite strong throughout the province of Ontario, except within the Ottawa Valley.

The Canadian English Shift is a common vowel shift found in Ontario.

In Eastern Ontario, Canadian English raising is not as strong as it is in the rest of the province.

Canadian English is a minority language in Quebec, but has many speakers in Montreal, the Eastern Townships and in the Gatineau-Ottawa region.

Western Canadian English describes the English spoken in the four most western provinces—British Columbia, Alberta, Saskatchewan, and Manitoba.

North American English prefers have got to have to denote possession or obligation ; Canadian English differs from American English in tending to eschew plain got, which is a common third option in very informal US English.

Date and time notation in Canadian English is a mixture of British and American practices.

Canadian English universities publish calendars or schedules, not catalogs as in the US.

Canadian English students write or take exams ; they rarely sit them.

Strong Canadian English raising exists in the prairie regions together with certain older usages such as chesterfield and front room associated with the Maritimes.

British Columbian Canadian English decreasingly uses several words borrowed from the Chinook Jargon.

Northern Ontario Canadian English has several distinct qualities stemming from its large Franco-Ontarian population.

The word eh is used quite frequently in the North Central dialect, so a Canadian English accent is often perceived in people from North Dakota, Michigan, Minnesota, and Wisconsin.

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Canadian English goes on to argue that too often national identity is conflated with linguistic identity, and that in the case of "Canadian English", supposedly unique features of Canadian speakers, such as certain lexical terms such as muskeg are artificially exaggerated to distinguish Canadian speech primarily from that found in the United States.

The book's examples are exclusive taken from Canadian English and represent one of the more extensive collections of variables for Canadian English.