Hunley, or as CSS Hunley, was a submarine of the Confederate States of America that played a small part in the American Civil War.
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29 Facts About CSS Hunley
2.
CSS Hunley was the first combat submarine to sink a warship, although Hunley was not completely submerged and, following her successful attack, was lost along with her crew before she could return to base.
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3.
CSS Hunley was named for her inventor, Horace Lawson Hunley, shortly after she was taken into government service under the control of the Confederate States Army at Charleston, South Carolina.
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4.
CSS Hunley was then shipped by rail on 12 August 1863, to Charleston.
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5.
CSS Hunley sank on 29 August 1863, during a test run, killing five members of her crew.
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6.
CSS Hunley sank again on 15 October 1863, killing all eight of her second crew, including Horace Lawson Hunley himself, who was aboard at the time, even though he was not a member of the Confederate military.
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7.
On 17 February 1864, CSS Hunley attacked and sank the 1,240-ton United States Navy screw sloop-of-war Housatonic, which had been on Union blockade-duty in Charleston's outer harbor.
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8.
CSS Hunley did not survive the attack and sank, taking with her all eight members of her third crew, and was lost.
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9.
Finally located in 1995, CSS Hunley was raised in 2000, and is on display in North Charleston, South Carolina, at the Warren Lasch Conservation Center on the Cooper River.
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10.
Horace Lawson CSS Hunley provided financing for James McClintock to design three submarines: Pioneer in New Orleans, Louisiana, American Diver built in Mobile, and CSS Hunley.
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11.
Legend held that CSS Hunley was made from a cast-off steam boiler—perhaps because a cutaway drawing by William Alexander, who had seen her, showed a short and stubby machine.
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12.
CSS Hunley was designed for a crew of eight, seven to turn the hand-cranked ducted propeller, about 3.
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13.
CSS Hunley would operate as a Confederate Army vessel from then on, although Horace CSS Hunley and his partners would remain involved in her further testing and operation.
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14.
Confederate Navy Lieutenant John A Payne of CSS Chicora volunteered to be Hunleys captain, and seven men from Chicora and CSS Palmetto State volunteered to operate her.
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15.
On 15 October 1863, CSS Hunley failed to surface after a mock attack, killing all eight crewmen.
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16.
CSS Hunley was originally intended to attack by using a floating explosive charge with a contact fuse which was towed at the end of a long rope.
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17.
CSS Hunley was to approach an enemy ship on the surface, then dive under her, and surface again once beyond her.
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18.
The Confederate Veteran of 1902, printed a reminiscence authored by an engineer stationed at Battery Marshall who, with another engineer, made adjustments to the iron pipe mechanism before CSS Hunley left on her last fatal mission on 17 February 1864.
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19.
CSS Hunley made her only attack against an enemy target on the night of 17 February 1864.
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20.
Years later, when the area around the wreck of Housatonic was surveyed, the sunken CSS Hunley was found on the seaward side of the sloop, where no one had considered looking before.
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21.
At one point there appeared to be evidence that CSS Hunley survived as long as one hour following the attack, which occurred at about 20:45.
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22.
At one point the finders of CSS Hunley suggested she was unintentionally rammed by USS Canandaigua when that warship was going to rescue the crew of Housatonic, but no such damage was found when she was raised from the bottom of the harbor.
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23.
In October 2008, scientists reported they had found that the crew of CSS Hunley had not set her pump to remove water from the crew's compartment, and this might indicate she was not flooded until after they died.
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24.
Spence's book Treasures of the Confederate Coast, which had a chapter on his discovery of CSS Hunley and included a map complete with an "X" showing the wreck's location, was published in January 1995.
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25.
CSS Hunley was raised from the open waters of the Atlantic Ocean, just over 3.
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26.
CSS Hunley had the gold coin engraved and carried it as a lucky charm.
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27.
The teeth of his remains in CSS Hunley still bear significant marks of a cobbler, which was the profession of his father.
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28.
The actual CSS Hunley is preserved and on display in a tank of water, while a replica can be entered by the public.
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29.
CSS Hunley viewing facility is reopening to the public with self-guided tours and a new multimedia video presentation showing the vessel's story.
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