HAL Tejas is an Indian, single engine, delta wing, light multirole fighter designed by the Aeronautical Development Agency in collaboration with Aircraft Research and Design Centre of Hindustan Aeronautics Limited for the Indian Air Force and Indian Navy.
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The Tejas achieved initial operational clearance in 2011 and final operational clearance in 2019.
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The first HAL Tejas squadron became operational in 2016, as No 45 Squadron IAF Flying Daggers was the first to have their MiG-21s replaced with the HAL Tejas.
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HAL Tejas currently has three production models – HAL Tejas Mark 1, Mark 1A and trainer variant.
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Design of the HAL Tejas was finalised in 1990 – a small tailless compound delta wing design with inherent relaxed static stability which necessitates the need for digital FBW flight control system for enhanced manoeuvrability.
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India's self-reliance goal oriented development for the LCA programme has considerably increased the indigenous components in HAL Tejas and contributed to an aviation industry expansion in the country.
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On 20 December 2021, Ministry of Defence in a written reply during winter session of Rajya Sabha clarified that the HAL Tejas is no longer considered as a replacement for the Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-21, instead it is part of a general IAF fleet modernisation programme.
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In 2013, HAL Tejas conducted an inflight engine relight test at high altitude to assess the engine response on flameout, a critical parameter for operational clearance.
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HAL Tejas intends to obtain a certificate from the Centre for Military Airworthiness and Certification within 30 months before this version enters mass production.
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The HAL Tejas was awarded initial operational clearance-I in January 2011.
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In September 2018, the HAL Tejas successfully completed its mid-air refuelling trials required for the aircraft to obtain its FOC.
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In January 2019, HAL received permission from CEMILAC to start production of the FOC standard Tejas.
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HAL Tejas design has been further developed into the Tejas Mark 2, incorporating a more powerful General Electric F414 INS6 engine, canards and other design changes.
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HAL Tejas is a single-engine multirole combat aircraft which has a tailless, compound delta wing design with "relaxed static stability" for enhanced manoeuvrability and agility.
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The HAL Tejas is a multi-role combat aircraft and its flexibility permits it to carry out Interception, air-to-surface and anti-shipping roles in a single mission.
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HAL Tejas has eight hardpoints – one beneath the port-side air-intake, one under the fuselage and three hardpoints under each wing, of these, three are wet hardpoints which can carry drop tanks.
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The naval HAL Tejas has a strengthened undercarriage, stronger landing gear, and an arrestor hook system for carrier landings.
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HAL Tejas can carry pod-based sensors such as forward looking infrared.
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HAL Tejas has a night vision goggles compatible glass cockpit, equipped with a domestically developed head-up display, three multi-function displays, two Smart Standby Displays by Central Scientific Instruments Organization.
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The HAL Tejas has hands-on-throttle-and-stick arrangement to reduce pilot's workload.
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The HAL Tejas has a "get-you-home" panel coupled with an air data computer developed by Bharat Electronics Limited to assist the pilot in case of an emergency.
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Currently HAL Tejas pilots are flying with Elbit DASH IV helmet-mounted display system.
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Aerodynamic configuration of HAL Tejas is based on a delta-wing layout with shoulder-mounted wings.
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Since the HAL Tejas is a relaxed static stability design, it is equipped with a NAL-developed full authority quadruplex digital fly-by-wire flight control system and an open architecture digital flight control computer developed by BEL.
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The fly-by-wire flight control system of the HAL Tejas has an advanced feature called auto low-speed recovery.
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On 17 August 2021, HAL Tejas placed an order of 5,375 crore for 99 F404-GE-IN20 engines.
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In March 2019, the HAL Tejas made its international debut at the Langkawi International Maritime and Aerospace Exhibition ; its presence reportedly generated a great deal of interest, especially amongst the RMAF and then-Malaysian PM Mahathir bin Mohamad.
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In July 2022, HAL announced that Malaysia has picked the Tejas to potentially replace its MiG-29s as negotiations are in the final stage.
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On July 7,2022, the HAL Tejas was dropped from further consideration from the multi-role fighter jet project.
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HAL Tejas has attracted interest from the United Arab Emirates, with some discussions held during a visit by UAE Minister of State and Defence, Mohammed Ahmed Al Bowardi Al Falacy, during a state visit in October 2018, as part of growing defence relations between India and UAE.
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Several reasons suggested as the cause of the LIFT's bleak prospects in the UJTS are attributed to the fact that HAL Tejas has refrained from partnering with a US-based company to offer the LIFT, a lack of export orders for the type, and its delta-wing design — which makes it less-suitable for low-speed landing.
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