21 Facts About Hohokam

Hohokam was a culture in the North American Southwest in what is part of Arizona, United States, and Sonora, Mexico.

Hohokam settlements were located on trade routes that extended past the Hohokam area, as far east as the Great Plains and west to the Pacific coast.

In modern-day Phoenix, the Hohokam are recognized for their large-scale irrigation networks.

When Hohokam society collapsed, the dirt canals fell into disrepair.

Nevertheless, Hohokam are one of the four major cultures of the American Southwest and Northern Mexico, according to Southwestern archaeology.

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Hohokam applied the existing O'odham term for the culture, huhu-kam, in its common mistranslation as "all used up" or "those who are gone", to classify the remains that he was excavating in the Lower Gila Valley.

Hohokam society is primarily associated with the Gila and lower Salt River drainages in the Phoenix basin.

Hohokam Core was located along rivers, and as such inhabited a prime trade position.

Hohokam used the waters of the Salt and Gila Rivers to build an assortment of simple canals with weirs for agriculture.

The Hohokam cultivated varieties of cotton, tobacco, maize, beans, and squash, and harvested a vast variety of wild plants.

Hohokam burial practices varied over time, but cremation was a defining cultural characteristic of the Hohokam Core.

Hohokam chronological sequence is an archaeological construct that divides Hohokam history into phases of significant cultural changes.

Early Hohokam homes were built of branches that were bent, covered with twigs or reeds and heavily applied mud, and other available materials.

Crop, agricultural skill, and cultural refinements increased between AD 300 and 500 as the Hohokam acquired a new group of cultivated plants, presumably from trade with peoples in the area of modern Mexico.

Agave species had been gathered for food and fiber for thousands of years by southwestern peoples, and around 600, the Hohokam began cultivating agave, particularly Agave murpheyi, on large areas of rocky, dry ground.

Immediately after AD 1300, Hohokam villages were reorganized along the lines experienced in the Lower Verde, Tonto Basin, and Safford Basin, in the 13th century.

Between AD 1350 and 1375, the Hohokam tradition lost vitality and stability, and many of the largest settlements were abandoned.

Hohokam ceramics are defined by a distinct Plain, Red, and Decorated buffware tradition, and were made using a technique called coiling.

Altogether, the greater Grewe-Casa Grande Site represented the largest Hohokam community located within the middle Gila River valley.

Hohokam defined and excavated portions of Sacaton 9:6, an adobe-walled compound situated on the extreme edge of the Casa Grande site, east of State Route 87, near the current entrance to the monument.

The only surface vestiges of this once significant Hohokam city are the remains of several low trash mounds found in the Old Guadalupe Village Cemetery.