29 Facts About Holland Tunnel

Holland Tunnel is a vehicular tunnel under the Hudson River that connects the New York City neighborhood of Hudson Square in Lower Manhattan to the east with Jersey City in New Jersey to the west.

The Holland Tunnel is one of three vehicular crossings between Manhattan and New Jersey; the two others are the Lincoln Tunnel and George Washington Bridge.

The Holland Tunnel was the world's first mechanically ventilated tunnel; the ventilation system was designed by Ole Singstad, who oversaw the tunnel's completion.

Holland Tunnel is operated by the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey.

Holland Tunnel was designed by Clifford Milburn Holland, chief engineer on the project, who died in October 1924, before it was completed.

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Holland Tunnel was succeeded by Milton Harvey Freeman, who died less than a year after Holland did.

Emergency services at the Holland Tunnel are provided by the Port Authority's Tunnel and Bridge Agents, who are stationed at the Port Authority's crossings.

Holland Tunnel was the first mechanically ventilated underwater vehicular tunnel in the world.

Meanwhile, the New York State Bridge and Holland Tunnel Commission indicated that it favored the Canal Street tunnel plan.

That year, six million dollars in funding for the Hudson River Holland Tunnel was proposed in two bills presented to subcommittees of the United States Senate and House of Representatives.

Holland Tunnel defended his own plan by pointing out that the roadways in Goethals's plan would not only feature narrower road lanes, but would have ventilation ducts that were too small to ventilate the tube efficiently.

However, further construction of the Hudson River Holland Tunnel was held up due to concerns over its ventilation system.

However, a tunnel of the Hudson River Holland Tunnel's length required an efficient method of ventilation, so Chief Engineer Singstad pioneered a system of ventilating the tunnel transversely .

In October 1920, General George R Dyer, the chairman of the New York Tunnel Commission, published a report in which he stated that Singstad had devised a feasible ventilation system for the Hudson River Tunnel.

The materials that were necessary to furnish the Hudson River Holland Tunnel had already been purchased, so it was decided to start work immediately.

Holland Tunnel construction required the sandhogs to spend large amounts of time in the caisson under high pressure of up to 47.

The rate of decompression rate for sandhogs working on the Hudson River Holland Tunnel was described as being "so small as to be negligible".

In July 1923, the New York and New Jersey Vehicular Holland Tunnel Commission had revised plans for the entrance and exit plazas on each side to accommodate an increase in traffic along Canal Street on the Manhattan side.

However, two days before the holing-through ceremony supposed to take place, Holland Tunnel died of a heart attack at the sanatorium in Battle Creek, Michigan, aged 41.

Holland Tunnel was succeeded by Milton Harvey Freeman, who died of pneumonia in March 1925, after several months of heading the job.

The Holland Tunnel was nearly complete: in March 1926, Singstad stated that the tunnel was expected to be opened by the following February.

The lighting systems used in the Holland Tunnel were designed to allow motorists to adjust to a gradual change in lighting levels just before leaving the tubes.

Ventilation towers were the only major component of the Holland Tunnel that was not completed, but major progress had been made by the end of 1926.

The first unofficial drive through the entirety of the Holland Tunnel was undertaken by a group of British businessmen a year later, in August 1927.

At the time, the Holland Tunnel was the world's longest continuous underwater vehicular tunnel, as well as the world's first tunnel designed specifically for vehicular traffic.

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Holland Tunnel was expected to relieve congestion on the vehicular ferries across the Hudson River, since the capacity of the tunnel was similar to that of the vehicular ferries.

The next year, the Port Authority voted to refurbish the Holland Tunnel's administration building on the New Jersey side, as well as construct a new service building.

In 1970, the Port Authority stopped collecting tolls for New Jersey-bound drivers through the Holland Tunnel, who used the westbound tube, while doubling tolls to $1 for New York-bound drivers, who used the eastbound tube.

Rush-hour congestion within the Holland Tunnel has persisted for more than thirty years due to the Verrazzano-Narrows Bridge's one-way westbound toll.