15 Facts About Hot springs

Hot springs spring, hydrothermal spring, or geothermal spring is a spring produced by the emergence of geothermally heated groundwater onto the surface of the Earth.

Alkaline chloride hot springs are fed by hydrothermal fluids that form when groundwater containing dissolved chloride salts reacts with silicate rocks at high temperature.

Acid sulfate hot springs are fed by hydrothermal fluids rich in hydrogen sulfide, which is oxidized to form sulfuric acid,.

Bicarbonate hot springs are fed by hydrothermal fluids that form when carbon dioxide and groundwater react with carbonate rocks.

Iron-rich Hot springs are characterized by the presence of microbial communities that produce clumps of oxidized iron from iron in the hydrothermal fluids feeding the spring.

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Some hot springs produce fluids that are intermediate in chemistry between these extremes.

Alkali chloride hot springs show a similar succession of communities of organisms, with various thermophilic bacteria and archaea in the hottest parts of the vent.

Acid sulfate hot springs show a somewhat different succession of microorganisms, dominated by acid-tolerant algae, fungi, and diatoms.

Iron-rich hot springs contain communities of photosynthetic organisms that oxidize reduced iron to oxidized iron.

Hot springs are a dependable source of water that provides a rich chemical environment.

In contrast with "black smokers", hot springs produce fluids at less extreme temperatures, metal sulfides and silica minerals in these environments would act as photocatalysts, they have suitable pH for early cells, and they experience cycles of wetting and drying that promote the formation of biopolymers which are then encapsulated in vesicles after rehydration.

The ionic composition of hot springs were found by researchers to be identical to the ionic composition of the cytoplasm of modern cells and possibly LUCA or protocells.

Hot springs have been enjoyed by humans for thousands of years.

The popularity of hot springs has fluctuated over the centuries since, but they are now popular around the world.

Countries that are renowned for their hot springs include China, Costa Rica, Iceland, Iran, Japan, New Zealand, Brazil, Peru, Taiwan, Turkey, and the United States, but there are hot springs in many other places as well:.