39 Facts About Indigenous Australians

Six percent of Indigenous Australians identify themselves fully as Torres Strait Islanders.

Many Indigenous Australians organisations incorporate the phrase "Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander" to highlight the distinctiveness and importance of Torres Strait Islanders in Australia's Indigenous Australians population.

Independent DNA testing is unlikely as the Indigenous Australians custodians are not expected to allow further invasive investigations.

Genetic studies have revealed that Aboriginal Indigenous Australians largely descended from an Eastern Eurasian population wave, and are most closely related to other Oceanians, such as Melanesians.

The Aboriginal Australians show affinity to other Australasian populations, such as Negritos or indigenous South Asian groups, such as the Andamanese people, as well as to East Asian peoples.

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Genetically, while Aboriginal Indigenous Australians are most closely related to Melanesian and Papuan people, there is another component that could indicate South Asian admixture or more recent European influence.

Indigenous Australians saw women harvesting Murnong tubers, a native yam that is almost extinct.

In fact there were so many examples of Aboriginal Indigenous Australians managing farm land in a complex manner that Australian Anthropologist, Dr Norman Tindale was able to draw an Aboriginal grain belt, detailing the specific areas where crops were once produced.

Indigenous Australians originally established a small settlement on Albany Island, but on 1 August 1864 he went to Somerset Island.

Wages were controlled by the Protectors, and Indigenous Australians received less income than their non-Indigenous counterparts in employment.

The Indigenous Australians population continued to decline, reaching a low of 74,000 in 1933 before numbers began to recover.

Although, as British subjects, all Indigenous Australians were nominally entitled to vote, generally only those who merged into mainstream society did so.

Indigenous Australians was immediately appointed Shadow Minister for Human Services.

Reconciliation between non-Indigenous and Indigenous Australians became a significant issue in Australian politics in the late 20th century.

In 1998, a Constitutional Convention which selected a Republican model for a referendum included just six Indigenous Australians participants, leading Monarchist delegate Neville Bonner to end his contribution to the convention with his Jagera tribal "Sorry Chant" in sadness at the low number of Indigenous Australians representatives.

In 1935, an Australian of part Indigenous Australians descent left his home on a reserve to visit a nearby hotel where he was ejected for being Aboriginal.

Indigenous Australians returned home but was refused entry to the reserve because he was not Aboriginal.

Indigenous Australians attempted to remove his children from the reserve but was told he could not because they were Aboriginal.

Indigenous Australians then walked to the next town where he was arrested for being an Aboriginal vagrant and sent to the reserve there.

Indigenous Australians was later told he could not join the Returned Servicemens Club because he was an Aborigine.

Self- and community identification were more problematic as they meant that an Indigenous Australians person separated from his or her community due to a family dispute could no longer identify as Aboriginal.

Indigenous Australians have been counted in every census albeit only approximately and using inconsistent definitions.

Indigenous Australians languages are divided into language groups with from ten to twenty-four language families identified.

Since the 1970s, Indigenous Australians artists have employed the use of acrylic paints – with styles such as that of the Western Desert Art Movement becoming globally renowned 20th-century art movements.

Indigenous Australians musicians have been prominent in various contemporary styles of music, including creating a sub-genre of rock music as well as participating in pop and other mainstream styles.

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Poetry by Indigenous Australians poets, including traditional song-poetry – ranging from sacred to everyday – has been published since the late 20th century.

Canon of films related to Indigenous Australians increased from the 1990s, with Nick Parson's film Dead Heart featuring Ernie Dingo and Bryan Brown; Rolf de Heer's The Tracker, starring Gary Sweet and David Gulpilil; and Phillip Noyce's Rabbit-Proof Fence.

Indigenous Australians deaths are poorly identified, and the official figures for the size of the population at risk include large adjustment factors.

An analysis of the figures suggested significant barriers to Indigenous Australians people gaining employment, possibly including job location, employer discrimination, and lack of education and others.

Indigenous Australians are over-represented as victims of crime, in particular, assault.

Indigenous Australians women are highly over-represented in this figure, accounting for a higher proportion of assault victims than the non-Indigenous Australians category.

Under Section 41 of the Australian Constitution, Aboriginal Indigenous Australians always had the legal right to vote in Australian Commonwealth elections if their State granted them that right.

The right of Indigenous ex-servicemen to vote was affirmed in 1949 and all Indigenous Australians gained the unqualified right to vote in Federal elections in 1962.

Unlike other Australians voting was not made compulsory for Indigenous people, and it was not until the repeal of Section 127 of the Constitution of Australia following the 1967 referendum that Indigenous Australians were counted in the population for the purposes of distribution of electoral seats.

Indigenous Australians's announcement was seen by some as a surprising adoption of the importance of the symbolic aspects of the reconciliation process, and reaction was mixed.

Gillard Government, with bi-partisan support, convened an Expert Panel to consider changes to the Australian Constitution that would see recognition for Indigenous Australians, who delivered their report, which included five recommendations for changes to the Constitution as well as recommendations for the referendum process, in January 2012.

In 2013, an Indigenous Australians group describing itself as the Murrawarri Republic declared independence from Australia, claiming territory straddling the border between the states of New South Wales and Queensland.

In 2014, another Indigenous Australians group describing itself as the Sovereign Yidindji Government declared independence from Australia.

In health services, Kelvin Kong became the first Indigenous Australians surgeon in 2006 and is an advocate of Indigenous Australians health issues.