14 Facts About Irish Volunteers

Irish Volunteers, sometimes called the Irish Volunteer Force or Irish Volunteer Army, was a military organisation established in 1913 by Irish nationalists and republicans.

Irish Volunteers knew the purpose as to why he was chosen, but he was determined not to be a puppet.

Manifesto of the Irish Volunteers was composed by MacNeill, with some minimal changes added by Tom Kettle and other members of the Provisional Committee.

Hobson, who simultaneously served in leadership roles in both the IRB and the Irish Volunteers, was one of a few IRB members to reluctantly submit to Redmond's demands, leading to a falling out with the IRB leaders, notably Tom Clarke.

The Irish Volunteers realised that it too would have to follow suit if they were to be taken as a serious force.

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The remainder of the guns smuggled from Germany for the Irish Volunteers were landed at Kilcoole a week later by Sir Thomas Myles.

The Irish Volunteers escaped largely unscathed, but when the Borderers returned to Dublin they clashed with a group of unarmed civilians who had been heckling them at Bachelors Walk.

The political stance of the remaining Irish Volunteers was not always popular, and a 1,000-strong march led by Pearse through the garrison city of Limerick on Whit Sunday, 1915, was pelted with rubbish by a hostile crowd.

Irish Volunteers succeeded only in putting the Rising off for a day, and limiting it to about 1,000 active participants within Dublin and a very limited action elsewhere.

Almost all of the fighting was confined to Dublin - though the Irish Volunteers were involved in engagements against RIC barracks in Ashbourne, County Meath, and there were actions in Enniscorthy, County Wexford and in County Galway.

Steps towards reorganising the Irish Volunteers were taken during 1917, and on 27 October 1917 a convention was held in Dublin.

The Royal Irish Constabulary estimated that 162 companies of volunteers were active in the country, although other sources suggest a figure of 390.

In practice, the Dail had great difficulty controlling their actions; under their own constitution, the Irish Volunteers were bound to obey their own executive and no other body.

Irish Volunteers further proposed that members of the Dail themselves should swear the same oath.