Abbott Lawrence Lowell was an American educator and legal scholar.
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Lawrence Lowell took the progressive side on certain public issues as well.
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Lawrence Lowell demonstrated outspoken support for academic freedom during World War I and played a prominent role in urging the public to support American participation in the League of Nations following the war.
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Lawrence Lowell's mother was a cousin of architect Charles H Bigelow.
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Lawrence Lowell graduated from Noble and Greenough School in 1873 and attended Harvard College where he presented a thesis for honors in mathematics that addressed using quaternions to treat quadrics and graduated in 1877.
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Lawrence Lowell graduated from Harvard Law School in 1880 and practiced law from 1880 to 1897 in partnership with his cousin, Francis Cabot Lowell, with whom he wrote Transfer of Stock in Corporations, which appeared in 1884.
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Lawrence Lowell was elected a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, joining his father and brother, in 1897.
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In 1899 Lawrence Lowell was elected a member of the American Antiquarian Society.
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In 1897, Lawrence Lowell became lecturer, and in 1898, professor of government at Harvard.
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Lawrence Lowell's publishing career continued with the appearance of Colonial Civil Service in 1900, and The Government of England in two volumes in 1908.
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Lawrence Lowell received an honorary doctorate from the University of Leiden on 30 August 1919.
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Lawrence Lowell immediately embarked upon a series of reforms that were both academic and social in nature.
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Lawrence Lowell now implemented a second, equally revolutionary restructuring of undergraduate education.
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Lawrence Lowell analyzed the social divisions of the Harvard students in similar terms.
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Lawrence Lowell's long-term solution was a residential system that he only achieved with the opening of the residential houses in 1930.
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Lawrence Lowell transformed the earlier variety of scientific courses into the School for Industrial Foremen at MIT, later called the Lowell Institute School, and focused its program on mechanical and electrical engineering.
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Lawrence Lowell meant the Associate in Arts degree to be distinctive.
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When Lawrence Lowell learned in 1933 that other American schools had begun to award the Associate in Arts degree to students after the equivalent of just two years of work, he felt betrayed.
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Lawrence Lowell cared little about Wilson's specific plan or the details of the reservations or amendments Lodge wanted to attach for the Senate to give its assent.
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Lawrence Lowell believed American participation was the greater goal, the exact nature of the organization secondary.
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That debate proved gentlemanly, since Lawrence Lowell believed that the resolution of the policy dispute required Wilson and Lodge to compromise.
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Lawrence Lowell had sharper exchanges with the die-hard Republican isolationist Senator William Borah of Idaho.
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Lawrence Lowell repeatedly argued that George Washington's Farewell Address and its stricture against entangling alliances held no relevance for the present.
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Lawrence Lowell came in for attack precisely because of his earlier claims to independence.
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Lawrence Lowell did view the work of the League to Enforce Peace more critically.
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Lawrence Lowell's uncompromising statement in support of academic freedom was a landmark event at a time when other universities were demanding compliant behavior from their faculty.
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Lawrence Lowell similarly defended a student's anti-German poem with a statement of principle in defense of free speech within the academic community.
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Lawrence Lowell replied that freedom of speech played a different role in American universities than in their German counterparts.
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Lawrence Lowell proved particularly opposed to readmission for those who had been expelled only for associating too closely with those more directly involved.
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Lawrence Lowell, continuing to focus on the cohesiveness of the student body, described a campus where antisemitism was growing and Jewish students were ever more likely to be isolated from the majority.
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Lawrence Lowell cited what he saw as the parallel experience of hotels and clubs that lost their old membership when the proportion of Jewish members increased.
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Lawrence Lowell continued to argue both in private correspondence and in public speeches that his rationale was the welfare of the Jewish students.
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Lawrence Lowell then found another way to accomplish his goal, this time less publicly.
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Lawrence Lowell first won approval from the Harvard Board of Overseers for a new policy that would, in addition to traditional academic criteria, use letters from teachers and interviews to assess an applicant's "aptitude and character, " thus introducing discretion in the place of the strict top seventh rule.
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Lawrence Lowell's appointment was generally well received, for though he had controversy in his past he had at times demonstrated an independent streak.
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Lawrence Lowell's health declined slowly and his lifelong hearing problems worsened.
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Lawrence Lowell is remembered as well for a donation of one million dollars to help found the Harvard Society of Fellows.
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Lawrence Lowell owned Conaumet Neck along the shores of Mashpee Pond.
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Lawrence Lowell became head of the Motion Picture Research Council, a group established to promote studies of the social values of motion pictures.
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Lawrence Lowell published frequently in such periodicals as The Atlantic and Foreign Affairs.
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