40 Facts About Mary Rose

Mary Rose is a carrack-type warship of the English Tudor navy of King Henry VIII.

Mary Rose's served for 33 years in several wars against France, Scotland, and Brittany.

Mary Rose's led the attack on the galleys of a French invasion fleet, but sank in the Solent, the strait north of the Isle of Wight.

Wreck of the Mary Rose was located in 1971 and was raised on 11 October 1982 by the Mary Rose Trust in one of the most complex and expensive maritime salvage projects in history.

The excavation and raising of the Mary Rose was a milestone in the field of maritime archaeology, comparable in complexity and cost to the raising of the 17th-century Swedish warship Vasa in 1961.

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Many of the artefacts are unique to the Mary Rose and have provided insights into topics ranging from naval warfare to the history of musical instruments.

An extensive collection of well-preserved artefacts is on display at the Mary Rose Museum, built to display the remains of the ship and its artefacts.

Mary Rose was one of the largest ships in the English navy through more than three decades of intermittent war, and she was one of the earliest examples of a purpose-built sailing warship.

Mary Rose's was armed with new types of heavy guns that could fire through the recently invented gun-ports.

Mary Rose's was substantially rebuilt in 1536 and was one of the earliest ships that could fire a broadside, although the line of battle tactics had not yet been developed.

Several theories have sought to explain the demise of the Mary Rose, based on historical records, knowledge of 16th-century shipbuilding, and modern experiments.

Which king ordered the building of the Mary Rose is unclear; although construction began during Henry VIII's reign, the plans for naval expansion could have been in the making earlier.

Mary Rose's was then towed to London and fitted with rigging and decking, and supplied with armaments.

Virgin Mary is a more likely candidate for a namesake, and she was associated with the Rosa Mystica .

Mary Rose was built according to the carrack-style with high "castles" fore and aft with a low waist of open decking in the middle.

Castles of the Mary Rose had additional decks, but since almost nothing of them survives, their design has had to be reconstructed from historical records.

Mary Rose's won the contest, and Admiral Edward Howard described her enthusiastically as "the noblest ship of sayle [of any] gret ship, at this howr, that I trow [believe] be in Cristendom".

Several years later, while sailing between Dover and The Downs, Vice-Admiral William Fitzwilliam noted that both the Henry Grace a Dieu and the Mary Rose performed very well, riding steadily in rough seas and that it would have been a "hard chose" between the two.

Mary Rose represented a transitional ship design in naval warfare.

The Mary Rose would have carried a captain, a master responsible for navigation, and deck crew.

Bones of a total of 179 people were found during the excavations of the Mary Rose, including 92 "fairly complete skeletons", more or less complete collections of bones associated with specific individuals.

Mary Rose first saw battle in 1512, in a joint naval operation with the Spanish against the French.

In early 1513, the Mary Rose was once more chosen by Howard as the flagship for an expedition against the French.

Mary Rose's was once more caulked and repaired in 1527 in a newly dug dock at Portsmouth and her longboat was repaired and trimmed.

Many experts, including Margaret Rule, the project leader for the raising of the Mary Rose, have assumed that it meant a complete rebuilding from clinker planking to carvel planking, and that it was only after 1536 that the ship took on the form that it had when it sank and that was eventually recovered in the 20th century.

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Marsden has speculated that it could even mean that the Mary Rose was originally built in a style that was closer to 15th-century ships, with a rounded, rather than square, stern and without the main deck gunports.

Two of the largest ships, the Henry Grace a Dieu and the Mary Rose, led the attack on the French galleys in the Solent.

The biography claims that George Carew noted that the Mary Rose showed signs of instability as soon as her sails were raised.

The report of French galleys sinking the Mary Rose as stated by Martin du Bellay has been described as "the account of a courtesan" by naval historian Maurice de Brossard.

Mary Rose has interpreted the final heading of the ship straight due north as a failed attempt to reach the shallows at Spitbank only a few hundred metres away.

The initial aims of the Mary Rose Committee were now more officially and definitely confirmed.

Many objects from the Mary Rose had been well preserved in form and shape, but many were quite delicate, requiring careful handling.

The casks used for storage on the Mary Rose have been compared with those from a wreck of a trade vessel from the 1560s and have revealed that they were of better quality, more robust and reliable, an indication that supplies for the Tudor navy were given high priority, and their requirements set a high standard for cask manufacturing at the time.

Many of the cannons and other weapons from the Mary Rose have provided invaluable physical evidence about 16th-century weapon technology.

Mary Rose was a trained professional who saw to the health and welfare of the crew and acted as the medical expert on board.

Preservation of the Mary Rose and her contents was an essential part of the project from the start.

Conserving the hull of the Mary Rose was the most complicated and expensive task for the project.

Since the mid-1980s, the hull of the Mary Rose has been kept in a covered dry dock while undergoing conservation.

Separate Mary Rose Museum was housed in a structure called No 5 Boathouse near the ship hall and was opened to the public on 1984, containing displays explaining the history of the ship and a small number of conserved artefacts, from entire bronze cannons to household items.

New Mary Rose Museum was designed by architects Wilkinson Eyre, Perkins+Will and built by construction firm Warings.