29 Facts About Queen Juliana

Queen Juliana received a private education and studied international law at the University of Leiden.

Queen Juliana's reign saw the decolonization and independence of the Dutch East Indies and Suriname.

Queen Juliana was the first Dutch royal baby since Wilhelmina herself was born in 1880.

Queen Juliana's mother suffered two further miscarriages after her birth, leaving Juliana as the royal couple's only child.

Queen Juliana spent her childhood at Het Loo Palace in Apeldoorn, and at Noordeinde Palace and Huis ten Bosch Palace in The Hague.

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Queen Juliana graduated from the university in 1930 with a bachelor's degree in international law.

Queen Juliana was taught Greek literature by Sophia Antoniadis, the university's first female professor.

Princess Queen Juliana fell deeply in love with her fiance, a love that was to last a lifetime and that withstood separation during the war and Bernhard's extramarital affairs and illegitimate children.

Queen Juliana's chosen bridesmaids were either her relatives or family friends.

Queen Juliana returned with Queen Wilhelmina by a military transport plane to the liberated part of the Netherlands on 2 May 1945, rushing to Breda to set up a temporary Dutch government.

Queen Juliana erected a wooden lectern and brass plaque which is dedicated in thanks to the St Andrew's Presbyterian Church for their hospitality during her residence in Ottawa.

The following year, Queen Juliana donated another 20,500 bulbs, with the request that a portion of these be planted at the grounds of the Ottawa Civic Hospital where she had given birth to Margriet.

Queen Juliana was very active as the president of the Dutch Red Cross and worked closely with the National Reconstruction organization.

Queen Juliana was forced to take over as regent from 14 October to 1 December 1947.

Two days later, with the eyes of the world upon her, Queen Juliana was sworn in and inaugurated as monarch during a joint session of the States General at a ceremony held in the Nieuwe Kerk in Amsterdam, becoming the 12th member of the House of Orange to rule the Netherlands.

On 27 December 1949 at Dam Palace in Amsterdam, Queen Juliana signed the papers that recognised Indonesian sovereignty over the former Dutch colony.

Queen Juliana became Hoofd der Unie of the Netherlands-Indonesian Union.

On 15 December 1954, the Queen Juliana announced that the nation's Caribbean possessions of the Netherlands Antilles and Suriname were to be reconstituted as constituent countries of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, making them equal partners with the mainland.

Queen Juliana often appeared in public dressed like any ordinary Dutch woman, and preferred to be addressed as "Mevrouw" rather than her formal title of "majesty".

Queen Juliana faced another crisis among her Protestant citizens in 1963, when her second daughter Irene secretly converted to Roman Catholicism and, without government approval, on 29 April 1964 married Prince Carlos Hugo of Bourbon, Duke of Parma, a claimant to the Spanish throne and a leader in Spain's Carlist party.

Queen Juliana survived thanks to the underlying devotion she had earned over the years.

Queen Juliana resigned from his positions on the boards of many businesses, charities, the World Wildlife Fund, and other institutions.

On her Silver Jubilee in 1973, Queen Juliana donated all of the money that had been raised by the National Silver Jubilee Committee to organizations for children in need throughout the world.

Queen Juliana donated the gift from the nation which she received on her seventieth birthday, in 1979, to the "International Year of the Child".

Queen Juliana remained active in numerous charitable causes until well into her eighties.

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Queen Juliana was very attached to Monte Argentario, in Tuscany, a favorite place for the Dutch royal family for their summer holidays for more than 40 years.

Prince Bernhard said in a television interview in 2001 that the former Queen Juliana was no longer able to recognise her family and that she had been suffering from Alzheimer's disease for several years.

Queen Juliana was embalmed, unlike her mother Wilhelmina, who chose not to be, and on 30 March 2004 interred beside her mother in the royal vaults under the Nieuwe Kerk in Delft.

Queen Juliana's mother issued a decree allowing her to adopt her husband's princely title as customary, providing that it be preceded by the title she held as a member of the House of Mecklenburg.