21 Facts About Roman Catholicism

The administrative body of the Holy See, the Roman Catholicism Curia, has its principal offices in Vatican City, a small enclave of the Italian city of Rome, of which the pope is head of state.

The resulting religious discord between Germanic rulers and Catholic subjects was avoided when, in 497, Clovis I, the Frankish ruler, converted to orthodox Roman Catholicism, allying himself with the papacy and the monasteries.

Roman Catholicism's theses protested key points of Catholic doctrine as well as the sale of indulgences, and along with the Leipzig Debate this led to his excommunication in 1521.

In subsequent centuries, Roman Catholicism spread widely across the world, in part through missionaries and imperialism, although its hold on European populations declined due to the growth of religious scepticism during and after the Enlightenment.

Roman Catholicism attempted to mediate between the powers and established a Vatican relief office, to assist victims of the war and reunite families.

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Roman Catholicism expressed concern against race killings on Vatican Radio, and intervened diplomatically to attempt to block Nazi deportations of Jews in various countries from 1942 to 1944.

Roman Catholicism gave SS General Wolff a corresponding order to prepare for the action.

Roman Catholicism instituted World Youth Day as a "worldwide encounter with the pope" for young people; it is held every two to three years.

Roman Catholicism travelled more than any other pope, visiting 129 countries, and used television and radio as means of spreading the church's teachings.

Roman Catholicism emphasised the dignity of work and natural rights of labourers to have fair wages and safe conditions in Laborem exercens.

Roman Catholicism emphasised several church teachings, including moral exhortations against abortion, euthanasia, and against widespread use of the death penalty, in Evangelium Vitae.

Roman Catholicism was known for upholding traditional Christian values against secularisation, and for increasing use of the Tridentine Mass as found in the Roman Missal of 1962, which he titled the "Extraordinary Form".

Roman Catholicism's resignation has caused controversy among a minority of Catholics who say Benedict did not fully resign the papacy.

Roman Catholicism's installation was attended by Patriarch Bartholomew I of Constantinople of the Eastern Orthodox Church, the first time since the Great Schism of 1054 that the Eastern Orthodox Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople has attended a papal installation.

The Roman Catholicism Curia has a specific department, the Congregation for the Oriental Churches, to maintain relations with them.

Roman Catholicism is the second largest religious body in the world, surpassed in size only by Sunni Islam.

Roman Catholicism Rite is the most common rite of worship used by the Catholic Church, with the Ordinary Form of the Roman Catholicism Rite form of the Mass.

The present ordinary form of Mass in the Roman Catholicism Rite, found in the post-1969 editions of the Roman Catholicism Missal, is usually celebrated in the local vernacular language, using an officially approved translation from the original text in Latin.

An instruction issued four years later spoke of the two forms or usages of the Roman Catholicism Rite approved by the pope as the ordinary form and the extraordinary form .

Pope Pius V's Roman Catholicism Missal was subjected to minor revisions by Pope Clement VIII in 1604, Pope Urban VIII in 1634, Pope Pius X in 1911, Pope Pius XII in 1955, and Pope John XXIII in 1962.

Since 2014, clergy in the small personal ordinariates set up for groups of former Anglicans under the terms of the 2009 document Anglicanorum Coetibus are permitted to use a variation of the Roman Catholicism Rite called "Divine Worship" or, less formally, "Ordinariate Use", which incorporates elements of the Anglican liturgy and traditions, an accommodation protested by Anglican leaders.