44 Facts About Southern Tang

Southern Tang was a state in Southern China that existed during Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period, which proclaimed itself to be the successor of the former Tang dynasty.

At its territorial peak in 951, the Southern Tang controlled the whole of modern Jiangxi, and portions of Anhui, Fujian, Hubei, Hunan, and Jiangsu provinces.

Southern Tang was founded by Li Bian in 937, when he overthrew emperor Yang Pu of Wu.

In 960 the Southern Tang became vassals of the newly established Song dynasty.

Names and titles used by Southern Tang rulers changed several times throughout its existence.

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The Later Southern Tang were overthrown in late 936, which opened the way for Li Bian to claim it.

The Southern Tang were forced to cede their territories north of the Yangtze and become a vassal of the Later Zhou.

Southern Tang however used the title "Ruler of Tang" and "Seal of Tang" for the government.

Southern Tang attempted to demonstrate obeisance to Emperor Taizu after the Song conquest of Southern Han.

In 907 the last Southern Tang Emperor was evicted from power by Zhu Quanzhong, who declared the Later Liang dynasty.

Southern Tang feared that the majority of the bureaucracy still supported the imperial Yang family.

Southern Tang additionally authorized a genealogy that claimed descent from the Tang Imperial family.

Southern Tang were the first in Chinese history to issue vault protector coins, which served as numismatic charms.

The Emperors of Southern Tang took part in the administration of the Hanlin Academy and oversaw the hiring of new painters.

The Southern Tang ruler bestowed his family name to the Xi family in honor of their craftsmanship.

Pure Heart Hall paper retained its importance throughout the Southern Tang, it was so prized that it was not sold in marketplaces.

Southern Tang felt if the Southern Tang were to invade Wuyue, then the Later Jin would surely launch a counter-attack to protect their vassal.

The Southern Tang military utilized a combination of infantry and naval forces, while cavalry was seldom employed.

Southern Tang ceded the Sixteen Prefectures, promised annual tribute, and accepted a subordinate role to Yelu Deguang.

Southern Tang felt that the murder could provoke a war between the Later Jin and the Khitans.

In 940 the Southern Tang supported backed a rebellion in the Later Jin territory Anyuan.

Southern Tang sent envoys to Jinling in the hopes of securing an attack on the Later Han's southern flank.

The Southern Tang commander hesitated when a Later Han army arrived and called for a retreat back to the Huai River.

Southern Tang were initially able to export their tea, salt, and silk without impediment to the Central Plains.

Southern Tang was able to court military intervention from the Northern Han and the Southern Tang although neither actually provided much assistance.

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At the time the Southern Tang were experiencing great difficulty in securing their recent conquests in the kingdom of Chu.

The Southern Tang army reached Xiapi before Later Zhou resistance was met.

The Southern Tang offered to cede all territory north of the Yangtze to the Later Zhou and become a vassal.

Southern Tang initially submitted to Li Jing but was attacked after Southern Tang officials fabricated orders for his surrender.

The Southern Tang gained control of the Jianzhou and Tingzhou prefectures, while the Wuyue secured the area around Fuzhou.

The Southern Tang counterattack ended in failure and the Southern Han secured their territorial gains.

Southern Tang sent ambassadors to the Khitan court at Shangjing to announce the start of his reign.

The Southern Tang court financed a piece called "Two Qidan Bringing Tribute" by an unnamed artist in honor of these proceedings.

In 948 Liao and Southern Tang officials formulated a joint attack against the Later Han.

Southern Tang was far less interested in participating in Chinese affairs than his predecessors.

Southern Tang's brother-in-law was sent to Tanzhou as an envoy to the Southern Tang in 959.

Southern Tang had pursued a number of foreign adventures managed by incompetent military officers that generally ended in costly disaster.

Southern Tang feigned illness and claimed to be unable to make the trip.

The Southern Tang was denounced as a state of "usurpation and thievery" or jianqie ??.

Southern Tang had a keen interest in the Southern Tang, whose final ruler Li Yu had been dethroned at the beginning of 976.

Southern Tang wrote a treatise on political legitimacy, determining that the principal factor lay in controlling a unified Chinese state.

Southern Tang laid out how to determine the legitimacy of a regime without necessarily giving into personal or cultural biases.

Southern Tang postulated that there were interregnums where no authority was necessarily legitimate.

Southern Tang recorded statements from Taizu and Qubilai that supposedly demonstrated the importance of controlling Southern China to acquire political legitimacy.