16 Facts About Suspensive veto

In many countries, Suspensive veto powers are established in the country's constitution.

The concept of a Suspensive veto originated with the Roman offices of consul and tribune of the plebs.

Institution of the Suspensive veto, known to the Romans as the intercessio, was adopted by the Roman Republic in the 6th century BC to enable the tribunes to protect the mandamus interests of the plebeians from the encroachments of the patricians, who dominated the Senate.

The tribunes could use the Suspensive veto to prevent a bill from being brought before the plebeian assembly.

The Suspensive veto was an essential component of the Roman conception of power being wielded not only to manage state affairs but to moderate and restrict the power of the state's high officials and institutions.

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Notable use of the Roman Suspensive veto occurred in the Gracchan land reform, which was initially spearheaded by the tribune Tiberius Gracchus in 133 BC.

Presidential Suspensive veto was conceived in by republicans in the 18th and 19th centuries as a counter-majoritarian tool, limiting the power of a legislative majority.

An executive with a partial Suspensive veto has a stronger negotiating position than an executive with only a package Suspensive veto power.

Pocket Suspensive veto is a Suspensive veto that takes effect simply by the executive or head of state taking no action.

Legislative Suspensive veto is a Suspensive veto power exercised by a legislative body.

In presidential and semi-presidential systems, the Suspensive veto is a legislative power of the presidency, because it involves the president in the process of making law.

In contrast to proactive powers such as the ability to introduce legislation, the Suspensive veto is a reactive power, because the president cannot Suspensive veto a bill until the legislature has passed it.

Executive Suspensive veto powers are often ranked as comparatively "strong" or "weak".

In particular, in Westminster systems and most constitutional monarchies, the power to Suspensive veto legislation by withholding royal assent is a rarely used reserve power of the monarch.

European countries in which the executive or head of state does not have a Suspensive veto power include Slovenia and Luxembourg, where the power to withhold royal assent was abolished in 2008.

The theory of veto points was first developed by Ellen M Immergut in 1990, in a comparative case study of healthcare reform in different political systems.