20 Facts About Arikara

Arikara, known as Sahnish, Arikaree, Ree, or Hundi, are a tribe of Native Americans in North Dakota.

Arikara's name is believed to mean "horns", in reference to the ancient custom of wearing two upright bones in their hair.

Arikara language is a member of the Caddoan language family.

Arikara is close to the Pawnee language, but they are not mutually intelligible.

Arikara was a certified language teacher who participated in Arikara language education programs.

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The amount of trading items passing through the Arikara villages made them a "trading center on the Upper Missouri".

Arikara played a central role in the Great Plains Indian trading networks based on an advantageous geographical position combined with a surplus from agriculture and craft.

Historical sources show that the Arikara villages were visited by Cree, Assiniboine, Crow, Cheyenne, Arapaho, Sioux, Kiowa, Plains Apache and Comanche.

Arikara returned to the earth with a leader who taught them how to fight their enemies rather than one another.

Arikara faced many challenges during the first quarter of the 19th century: Reduced numbers, competition from white traders, and military pressure from the Lakota and other groups of Sioux.

The Arikara joined old foes the Sioux in raids on Mandan and Hidatsa Indians.

The Arikara escaped at night, and angry fur traders set their empty lodges ablaze the next morning.

Bloody Hand and other Arikara chiefs signed a peace treaty with the United States on July 18,1825.

The rootless Arikara lived near their southern "kinfolk, " the Skidi Pawnee, for some years.

The surviving Arikara took over the almost empty Mandan village Mitutanka next to Fort Clark.

The basic treaty area of the Arikara, the Hidatsa and the Mandan was a mutual territory north of Heart River, encircled on the east and north by the Missouri and on the west by Yellowstone River down to the mouth of Powder River.

Arikara hunters were waylaid and had difficulties securing enough game and hides.

The Arikara crossed the Missouri and built new earth lodges and log houses near the common Mandan and Hidatsa village Like-a-Fishhook Village.

Custer's favorite scout, an Arikara known as Bloody Knife, fell during the Battle of the Little Bighorn in the Crow Indian Reservation in 1876.

The Arikara Indians were considered citizens of the United States—and no more tribal village dwellers.