27 Facts About Banat

Banat is a geographical and historical region that straddles Central and Eastern Europe and which is currently divided among three countries: the eastern part lies in western Romania ; the western part of Banat is in northeastern Serbia ; and a small northern part lies within southeastern Hungary.

Region's historical ethnic diversity was severely affected by the events of World War II, and today Banat is overwhelmingly populated by ethnic Romanians, Serbs and Hungarians but small populations of other ethnic groups live in the region and nearly all are citizens of either Serbia, Romania or Hungary.

Banat is defined as the part of the Pannonian Basin bordered by the River Danube to the south, the River Tisa to the west, the River Mures to the north, and the Southern Carpathian Mountains to the east.

Territory of Banat is presently part of the Romanian counties Timis, Caras-Severin, Arad and Mehedinti; the Serbian autonomous province of Vojvodina and Belgrade City District; and the Hungarian Csongrad-Csanad County.

Some important Roman settlements in Banat were: Arcidava, Centum Putea, Berzobis, Tibiscum, Agnaviae, Ad Pannonios, Praetorium, and Dierna.

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Banat region became part of the First Bulgarian Empire a few decades later.

Banat was administered by the First Bulgarian Empire from the 9th to the 11th century, but that control gradually migrated to the Kingdom of Hungary which administered it from the 11th century up until 1552, when the region of Temesvar was captured by the Ottoman Empire.

Banat was a semi-independent ruler of Banat and an Orthodox Christian who constructed a Byzantine monastery at Morisena.

The territory of the modern Banat did not form a separate territorial unit in medieval Kingdom of Hungary, it was an integral part of it.

The Banat region was mainly populated by Rascians in the west, and Vlachs in the east.

Banat's jurisdiction was officially recognized by the charters of emperor Leopold I in 1690,1691 and 1695.

In 1738, over 50 Romanian villages from Serbia and Banat were destroyed and dwellers murdered by Austrians and Serb militia during a revolt of Romanians.

The southern part of the Banat region remained within the Military Frontier until the Frontier was abolished in 1871.

Banat recruited German artisans and especially farmers from Bavaria and other southern areas as colonists, allowing them privileges such as keeping their language and religion in their settlements.

Maria Theresa took a direct interest in Banat; she colonized the region with large numbers of German farmers, who were admired for their agricultural skills.

Banat encouraged the exploitation of the mineral wealth of the country, and generally developed the measures that were introduced by Count Mercy.

Many settlements in the eastern Banat were developed by Germans and had ethnic-German majorities.

The ethnic Germans in the Banat region became known as the Danube Swabians, or Donauschwaben.

In 1779, the Banat region was incorporated into the Habsburg Kingdom of Hungary, and the three counties of Torontal, Temes and Karasch were created.

In 1848, after the May Assembly, the western Banat became part of the Serbian Vojvodina, a Serbian autonomous region within the Habsburg Monarchy.

Serbian Banat was part of Serbian Vojvodina and part of the Voivodeship of Serbia and Temes Banat.

In 1918, the Banat Republic was proclaimed in Timisoara in October, and the government of Hungary recognized its independence.

From November 1918 to March 1919, western and central parts of Banat were governed by Serbian administration from Novi Sad, as part of the Banat, Backa and Baranja province of the Kingdom of Serbia and newly formed Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes.

Serbian Banat includes the area known as Pancevacki Rit, which belongs to the Belgrade municipality of Palilula.

The Hungarian part of Banat used to be the northernmost region of the Torontal County in the Kingdom of Hungary.

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Banat had in 1840 a population of over a million which included:.

Traditional heraldic symbol of Banat is a lion, which isadays present in both the coat of arms of Romania and the coat of arms of Vojvodina.