12 Facts About Haplogroup I-M170

Haplogroup I-M170 I appears to have arisen in Europe, so far being found in Palaeolithic sites throughout Europe, but not outside it.

Haplogroup I-M170 I has been found in multiple individuals belonging to the Gravettian culture.

Available evidence suggests that I-M170 was preceded into areas in which it would later become dominant by haplogroups K2a and C1.

The TMRCA for Haplogroup I-M170 was estimated by Karafet and colleagues in 2008 to be 22,200 years ago, with a confidence interval between 15,300 and 30,000 years ago.

Later the haplogroup, along with two cases of Haplogroup I-M170 C, was found in human remains belonging to the previously mentioned Gravettian culture and in individuals of the Magdalenian and Azilian cultures.

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Rootsi and colleagues in 2004 suggested that each of the ancestral populations now dominated by a particular subclade of Haplogroup I-M170 experienced an independent population expansion immediately after the Last Glacial Maximum.

I2 subclade of I-M170 is the main haplogroup found on male remains in Mesolithic Europe, until circa 6,000 BCE, when mass migration into Europe of Anatolian farmers carrying Y-DNA G2a happened.

Composite subclade I-M170 contains individuals directly descended from the earliest members of Haplogroup I, bearing none of the subsequent mutations which identify the remaining named subclades.

Several I* individuals, who do not fall into any known subclades, have been found among the Lak people of Dagestan, at a rate of, as well as Turkey, Adygea in the Caucasus and Iraq, even though Haplogroup I-M170 occurs at only very low frequencies among modern populations of these regions as a whole.

Haplogroup I-M170 I2a1a-M26 is notable for its strong presence in Sardinia.

Haplogroup I-M170 I2a1a-M26 is practically absent east of France and Italy, while it is found at low but significant frequencies outside of Sardinia in the Balearic Islands, Castile-Leon, the Basque Country, the Pyrenees, southern and western France, and parts of the Maghreb in North Africa, Great Britain, and Ireland.

Haplogroup I2a1a-M26 appears to be the only subclade of Haplogroup I-M170 found among the Basques, but appears to be found at somewhat higher frequencies among the general populations of Castile-Leon in Spain and Bearn in France than among the population of ethnic Basques.