ICAO headquarters are located in the Quartier International of Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
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ICAO Council adopts standards and recommended practices concerning air navigation, its infrastructure, flight inspection, prevention of unlawful interference, and facilitation of border-crossing procedures for international civil aviation.
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ICAO defines the protocols for air accident investigation that are followed by transport safety authorities in countries signatory to the Chicago Convention on International Civil Aviation.
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ICAO is distinct from other international air transport organizations, particularly because it alone is vested with international authority : other organizations include the International Air Transport Association, a trade association representing airlines; the Civil Air Navigation Services Organization, an organization for Air navigation service providers ; and the Airports Council International, a trade association of airport authorities.
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Forerunner to ICAO was the International Commission for Air Navigation.
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The twenty-sixth country ratified the convention on 5 March 1947 and, consequently, PICAO was disestablished on 4 April 1947 and replaced by ICAO, which began operations the same day.
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In October 1947, ICAO became an agency of the United Nations under its Economic and Social Council.
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In January 2020, ICAO blocked a number of Twitter users—among them think-tank analysts, employees of the United States Congress, and journalists—who mentioned Taiwan in tweets related to ICAO.
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The United States House Committee on Foreign Affairs harshly criticized ICAO's perceived failure to uphold principles of fairness, inclusion, and transparency by silencing non-disruptive opposing voices.
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Council of ICAO is elected by the Assembly every 3 years and consists of 36 members elected in 3 groups.
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Each country should have an accessible Aeronautical Information Publication, based on standards defined by ICAO, containing information essential to air navigation.
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ICAO defines an International Standard Atmosphere, a model of the standard variation of pressure, temperature, density, and viscosity with altitude in the Earth's atmosphere.
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ICAO provides telephony designators to aircraft operators worldwide, a one- or two-word designator used on the radio, usually, but not always, similar to the aircraft operator name.
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ICAO maintains the standards for aircraft registration, including the alphanumeric codes that identify the country of registration.
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ICAO recommends a unification of units of measurement within aviation based on the International System of Units.
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ICAO has a headquarters, seven regional offices, and one regional sub-office:.
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ICAO is currently opposed to the inclusion of aviation in the European Union Emission Trading Scheme.
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ICAO has conducted four investigations involving air disasters, of which two were passenger airliners shot down while in international flight over hostile territory.
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ICAO is looking at having a singular ledger for drone registration to help law enforcement globally.
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Currently, ICAO is responsible for creating drone regulations across the globe, and it is expected that it will only maintain the registry.
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ICAO currently maintains the 'UAS Regulation Portal' for various countries to list their country's UAS regulations and review the best practices from across the globe.
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