30 Facts About Kharkiv

Kharkiv, known as Kharkov, is the second-largest city and municipality in Ukraine.

Kharkiv was founded in 1654 as Kharkiv fortress, and after these humble beginnings, it grew to be a major centre of industry, trade and Ukrainian culture in the Russian Empire.

From December 1919 to January 1934, Kharkiv was the first capital of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic.

Kharkiv is a major cultural, scientific, educational, transport and industrial centre of Ukraine, with numerous museums, theatres and libraries, including the Annunciation and Dormition Cathedrals, the Derzhprom building in Freedom Square, and the National University of Kharkiv.

Industry plays a significant role in Kharkiv's economy, specialised primarily in machinery and electronics.

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Kharkiv was a major target of the Northeastern Ukraine offensive in Russia's invasion of Ukraine that began in February 2022.

At that time the population of Kharkiv was just over 1000, half of whom were local cossacks.

Original walls of Kharkiv enclosed today's streets: vulytsia Kvitky-Osnovianenko, Constitution Square, Rose Luxemburg Square, Proletarian Square, and Cathedral Descent.

Administrative reforms led to Kharkiv being governed from 1708 from Kyiv, and from 1727 from Belgorod.

In 1765 Kharkiv was established as the seat of a separate Sloboda Ukraine Governorate.

Kharkiv University was established in 1805 in the Palace of Governorate-General.

Kharkiv led the Communists to victory in Kharkiv and across the country in the parliamentary election held in the Ukrainian SSR in March 1990.

Kharkiv was succeeded by Ihor Terekhov of the "Kernes Bloc — Successful Kharkiv".

Kharkiv is located at the banks of the Kharkiv, Lopan, and Udy rivers, where they flow into the Seversky Donets watershed in the north-eastern region of Ukraine.

Kharkiv has a large number of green city parks with a long history of more than 100 years with very old oak trees and many flowers.

Kharkiv's climate is humid continental with long, cold, snowy winters and warm to hot summers.

Territory of Kharkiv is divided into 9 administrative raions, until February 2016 they were named for people, places, events, and organizations associated with early years of the Soviet Union but many were renamed in February 2016 to comply with decommunization laws.

Kharkiv is the second-largest city in Ukraine after the capital, Kyiv.

Kharkiv has a diversified service economy, with employment spread across a wide range of professional services, including financial services, manufacturing, tourism, and high technology.

Kharkiv is the headquarters of one of the largest Ukrainian banks, UkrSibbank, which has been part of the BNP Paribas group since December 2005.

Kharkiv Academic Theatre of Musical Comedy is a theatre founded on 1 November 1929 in Kharkiv.

Today, Kharkiv is often referred to as the "capital city" of Ukrainian science fiction and fantasy.

Kharkiv has been a home for many famous painters, including Ilya Repin, Zinaida Serebryakova, Henryk Siemiradzki, and Vasyl Yermilov.

Kharkiv contains numerous parks and gardens such as the Gor'ky park, Shevchenko park, Hydro park, Strelka park, Sarzhyn Yar and Feldman ecopark.

City of Kharkiv is one of the largest transportation centres in Ukraine, which is connected to numerous other cities of the world by air, rail and road traffic.

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Kharkiv is one out of four Ukrainian cities with a subway system.

Kharkiv's Metro is the city's rapid transit system operating since 1975.

The first train to arrive in Kharkiv came from the north on 22 May 1869, and on 6 June 1869, traffic was opened on the Kursk–Kharkiv–Azov line.

Kharkiv is connected with all main cities in Ukraine and abroad by regular railway services.

The most successful is FC Dynamo Kharkiv that won eight national titles back in the 1920s–1930s.