21 Facts About Kubilai Khan

Kubilai Khan proclaimed the empire's dynastic name "Great Yuan" in 1271, and ruled Yuan China until his death in 1294.

Kubilai Khan had succeeded his older brother Mongke as Khagan in 1260, but had to defeat his younger brother Ariq Boke in the Toluid Civil War lasting until 1264.

Kubilai Khan amassed influence in the Middle East and Europe as khagan.

Kublai Kubilai Khan was the fourth son of Tolui, and his second son with Sorghaghtani Beki.

On his way home after the Mongol conquest of Khwarezmia, Genghis Kubilai Khan performed a ceremony on his grandsons Mongke and Kublai after their first hunt in 1224 near the Ili River.

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Mongke Kubilai Khan sent two tax inspectors, Alamdar and Liu Taiping, to audit Kublai's officials in 1257.

Kubilai Khan offered an annual tribute of 200,000 taels of silver and 200,000 bolts of silk, in exchange for Mongol agreement to the Yangtze as the frontier between the states.

When Kublai summoned them to a new kurultai, Alghu Kubilai Khan demanded recognition of his illegal position from Kublai in return.

Kublai Kubilai Khan named Abaqa as the new Ilkhan and nominated Batu's grandson Mentemu for the throne of Sarai, the capital of the Golden Horde.

Kubilai Khan pushed out Great Khan's overseer from the Tarim Basin.

Kublai Kubilai Khan considered China his main base, realizing within a decade of his enthronement as Great Kubilai Khan that he needed to concentrate on governing there.

Kubilai Khan had many Han Chinese advisers, such as Liu Bingzhong and Xu Heng, and employed many Buddhist Uyghurs, some of whom were resident commissioners running Chinese districts.

Yuan Emperors like Kublai Kubilai Khan forbade practices such as butchering according to Jewish or Muslim legal codes and other restrictive decrees continued.

Kubilai Khan was a well learned man in the Confucian and Daoist traditions and is believed to have propagated Islam in China.

Kublai Kubilai Khan patronized Muslim scholars and scientists, and Muslim astronomers contributed to the construction of the observatory in Shaanxi.

Kublai Kubilai Khan invaded Goryeo on the Korean Peninsula and made it a tributary vassal state in 1260.

Kubilai Khan attempted to subjugate peripheral lands such as Sakhalin, where its indigenous people eventually submitted to the Mongols by 1308, after Kublai's death.

Kublai Kubilai Khan maintained close relations with Siam, in particular with prince Mangrai of Chiangmai and king Ram Khamheng of Sukhothai.

Kublai Kubilai Khan then sent another envoy to treat for the release of the earlier Mongol delegation sent to Africa.

Kubilai Khan proposed connecting the water supply across different river basins, built new canals with sluices to control the water level, and achieved great success with the improvements he made.

Kublai Kubilai Khan dispatched his grandson Gammala to Burkhan Khaldun in 1291 to ensure his claim to Ikh Khorig, where Genghis was buried, a sacred place strongly protected by the Kublaids.