21 Facts About Lower Saxony

Lower Saxony is a German state in northwestern Germany.

Furthermore, the state of Bremen forms two enclaves within Lower Saxony, one being the city of Bremen, the other its seaport, Bremerhaven .

Lower Saxony is the only Bundesland that encompasses both maritime and mountainous areas.

The northern half of Lower Saxony, known as the North German Plain, is almost invariably flat except for the gentle hills around the Bremen geestland.

Lower Saxony has a natural boundary in the north in the North Sea and the lower and middle reaches of the River Elbe, although parts of the city of Hamburg lie south of the Elbe.

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Lower Saxony has clear regional divisions that manifest themselves geographically, as well as historically and culturally.

Lower Saxony falls climatically into the north temperate zone of central Europe that is affected by prevailing Westerlies and is located in a transition zone between the maritime climate of Western Europe and the continental climate of Eastern Europe.

Name of Lower Saxony derives from that of the Germanic confederation of tribes called the Saxons.

The term "Lower Saxony" was used after the dissolution of the stem duchy in the late 13th century to disambiguate the parts of the former duchy ruled by the House of Welf from the Electorate of Saxony on one hand, and from the Duchy of Westphalia on the other.

The original language of the folk in the area of Old Lower Saxony was West Low German, one of the varieties of language in the Low German dialect group.

Close historical links between the domains of the Lower Saxon Circle now in modern Lower Saxony survived for centuries especially from a dynastic point of view.

The majority of historic territories whose land now lies within Lower Saxony were sub-principalities of the medieval, Welf estates of the Duchy of Brunswick-Luneburg.

Forerunners of today's state of Lower Saxony were lands that were geographically and, to some extent, institutionally interrelated from very early on.

Lower Saxony was at the western end of the direct escape route from East Prussia and had the longest border with the Soviet Zone.

On 3 October 1950 Lower Saxony took over the sponsorship of the very large number of refugees from Silesia.

The north and northwest of Lower Saxony are mainly made up of coarse sandy soil that makes crop farming difficult and therefore grassland and cattle farming are more prevalent in those areas.

Thanks to the importance of car manufacturing in Lower Saxony, a thriving supply industry is centred around its regional focal points.

Lower Saxony was one of the origins of the German environmentalist movement in reaction to the state government's support for underground nuclear waste disposal.

State of Lower Saxony was formed after World War II by merging the former states of Hanover, Oldenburg, Brunswick and Schaumburg-Lippe.

Constitution states that Lower Saxony be a free, republican, democratic, social and environmentally sustainable state inside the Federal Republic of Germany; universal human rights, peace and justice are preassigned guidelines of society, and the human rights and civil liberties proclaimed by the constitution of the Federal Republic are genuine constituents of the constitution of Lower Saxony.

States of the Federal Republic of Germany, and so Lower Saxony, have legislative responsibility and power mainly reduced to the policy fields of the school system, higher education, culture and media and police, whereas the more important policy fields like economic and social policies, foreign policy are a prerogative of the federal government.