Morphine sulphate is a strong opiate that is found naturally in opium, a dark brown resin in poppies.
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32 Facts About Morphine sulphate
2.
Morphine sulphate was first isolated between 1803 and 1805 by German pharmacist Friedrich Serturner.
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3.
Morphine sulphate is used primarily to treat both acute and chronic severe pain.
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4.
Morphine sulphate has traditionally been used in the treatment of acute pulmonary edema.
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5.
Morphine sulphate is beneficial in reducing the symptom of shortness of breath due to both cancer and noncancer causes.
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7.
Morphine sulphate can interfere with menstruation in women by suppressing levels of luteinizing hormone.
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8.
Morphine sulphate withdrawal is considered less dangerous than alcohol, barbiturate, or benzodiazepine withdrawal.
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9.
Morphine sulphate is the prototypical opioid and is the standard against which other opioids are tested.
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10.
Morphine sulphate is a ?-opioid receptor and d-opioid receptor (DOR) agonist.
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11.
Morphine sulphate has long been known to act on receptors expressed on cells of the central nervous system resulting in pain relief and analgesia.
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12.
Morphine sulphate can be taken orally, sublingually, bucally, rectally, subcutaneously, intranasally, intravenously, intrathecally or epidurally and inhaled via a nebulizer.
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13.
Morphine sulphate is metabolized primarily into morphine-3-glucuronide and morphine-6-glucuronide (M6G) via glucuronidation by phase II metabolism enzyme UDP-glucuronosyl transferase-2B7 (UGT2B7).
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14.
Morphine sulphate can be stored in fat, and, thus, can be detectable even after death.
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15.
Morphine sulphate can be isolated from whole blood samples by solid phase extraction and detected using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS).
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16.
Morphine sulphate is the most abundant opiate found in opium, the dried latex extracted by shallowly scoring the unripe seedpods of the Papaver somniferum poppy.
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17.
Morphine sulphate is produced most predominantly early in the life cycle of the plant.
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18.
Morphine sulphate is an endogenous opioid in humans that can be synthesized by and released from various human cells, including white blood cells.
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19.
Morphine sulphate is biosynthesized in the opium poppy from the tetrahydroisoquinoline reticuline.
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20.
Morphine sulphate is a benzylisoquinoline alkaloid with two additional ring closures.
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21.
Morphine sulphate and most of its derivatives do not exhibit optical isomerism, although some more distant relatives like the morphinan series do, and as noted above stereoselectivity in vivo is an important issue.
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22.
Morphine sulphate diacetate is not a salt, but rather a further derivative, see above.
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23.
Morphine sulphate meconate is a major form of the alkaloid in the poppy, as is morphine pectinate, nitrate, sulfate, and some others.
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24.
Morphine sulphate is a precursor in the manufacture in a number of opioids such as dihydromorphine, hydromorphone, hydrocodone, and oxycodone as well as codeine, which itself has a large family of semi-synthetic derivatives.
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25.
Morphine sulphate was discovered as the first active alkaloid extracted from the opium poppy plant in December 1804 in Paderborn by German pharmacist Friedrich Serturner.
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26.
Morphine sulphate hypothesized that, because lower doses of the drug were needed, it would be less addictive.
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27.
Morphine sulphate became a controlled substance in the US under the Harrison Narcotics Tax Act of 1914, and possession without a prescription in the US is a criminal offense.
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28.
Morphine sulphate was the most commonly abused narcotic analgesic in the world until heroin was synthesized and came into use.
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29.
Morphine sulphate addiction is the model upon which the current perception of addiction is based.
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30.
Morphine sulphate is available in a paste that is used in the production of heroin, which can be smoked by itself or turned to a soluble salt and injected; the same goes for the penultimate products of the Kompot and black tar processes.
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31.
Morphine sulphate is marketed under many different brand names in various parts of the world.
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32.
Morphine sulphate can be smoked, especially diacetylmorphine, the most common method being the "Chasing The Dragon" method.
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