New France was the area colonized by France in North America, beginning with the exploration of the Gulf of Saint Lawrence by Jacques Cartier in 1534 and ending with the cession of New France to Great Britain and Spain in 1763 under the Treaty of Paris.
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New France established the colony of Ile Royale on Cape Breton Island, where they built the Fortress of Louisbourg.
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In 1754, New France's population consisted of 10, 000 Acadians, 55, 000 Canadiens, and about 4, 000 settlers in upper and lower Louisiana; 69, 000 in total.
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New France eventually became absorbed within the United States and Canada, with the only vestige of French rule being the tiny islands of Saint Pierre and Miquelon.
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In 1627, Richelieu founded the Company of One Hundred Associates to invest in New France, promising land parcels to hundreds of new settlers and to turn Canada into an important mercantile and farming colony.
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New France named Champlain as the Governor of New France and forbade non-Roman Catholics to live there.
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Consequently, any Protestant emigrants to New France were forced to convert to Catholicism, prompting many of them to relocate to the English colonies instead.
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In 1650, New France had seven hundred colonists and Montreal had only a few dozen settlers.
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The sparsely-populated New France almost fell to hostile Iroquois forces completely as well.
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In 1663, New France finally became more secure when Louis XIV made it a royal province, taking control away from the Company of One Hundred Associates.
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New France paid for their passages and granted goods or money as their dowries if or when they married.
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New France conducted a major settlement program by recruiting European settlers to locate in the territory.
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French Catholic Church, which after Champlain's death was the dominant force in New France, wanted to establish a utopian Christian community in the colony.
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In spite of that, approximately 15, 000 Protestants settled in New France by using socioeconomic pretexts while at the same time concealing their religious background.
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The Sovereign Council effectively acted as the functional equivalent of a Council of State for New France, having the authority to hand down verdicts on final appeal.
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New France was responsible for supervising the king's attorneys' daily operations as well as execution of royal edicts and regulations passed by the council in their respective districts.
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All royal judges and king's attorneys in New France had to be thoroughly familiar with this compilation of rules.
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The Governor of New France served as the judge to the colonists as well as soldiers.
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New France would announce his verdict at the presence of the chiefs of the Company of One Hundred Associates and that would be final.
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In 1670, New France regained control of Acadia and appointed Mathieu de Goutin as the Civil and Criminal Lieutenant of Acadia.
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Quebec survived the English invasions of both these wars, and during the wars New France seized many of the English Hudson's Bay Company fur trading centres on Hudson Bay including York Factory, which the French renamed Fort Bourbon.
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War began on two fronts: when New France England pushed its way through Maine and when New France England established itself at Canso, Nova Scotia.
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New France claimed this as part of their colony, and the French were anxious to keep the British from encroaching on it.
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