18 Facts About Northern Rhodesia

Northern Rhodesia was a British protectorate in south central Africa, now the independent country of Zambia.

The mineral wealth of Northern Rhodesia made full amalgamation attractive to Southern Rhodesian politicians, but the British Government preferred a looser association to include Nyasaland.

Geographical, as opposed to political, term "Northern Rhodesia" referred to a region generally comprising the areas that are today Zambia and Zimbabwe.

Name "Northern Rhodesia" was derived from Cecil John Rhodes, the British capitalist and empire-builder who was a guiding figure in British expansion north of the Limpopo River into south-central Africa.

Northern Rhodesia sent Alfred Sharpe to obtain a treaty from its ruler, Msiri which would grant the concession and create a British protectorate over his kingdom.

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An Order in Council of 1900 created the High Court of North-Eastern Northern Rhodesia which took control of civil and criminal justice; it was not until 1906 that North-Western Northern Rhodesia received the same.

Until 1903, local magistrates recruited their own local police, but in that year a North Eastern Northern Rhodesia Constabulary was formed, which had only a few white officers; all its NCOs and troopers were African.

British South Africa Company was responsible for building the Rhodesian railway system in the period of primary construction which ended in 1911 when the main line through Northern Rhodesia crossed the Congo border to reach the Katanga copper mines.

Almost from the start of European settlement, the settlers in Northern Rhodesia were hostile to the BSAC administration and its commercial position.

Northern Rhodesia opposed the settlers' political aspirations and refused to allow them to elect representatives to the Advisory Council, limiting them to a few nominated members.

On 1 April 1924, Herbert Stanley was appointed as Governor and Northern Rhodesia became an official Protectorate of the United Kingdom, with its capital in Livingstone.

Along the Kafue River in then Northern Rhodesia, Burnham saw many similarities to copper deposits he had worked in the United States, and he encountered natives wearing copper bracelets.

When Northern Rhodesia became a Protectorate under the British Empire on 1 April 1924, a Legislative Council was established on which the Governor of Northern Rhodesia sat ex officio as Presiding Officer.

An elector in Northern Rhodesia had to be a United Kingdom citizen, a requirement which practically ruled out Africans who were British Protected Persons.

Northern Rhodesia's statement of colonial policy was an emphatic reassertion of the principle of paramountcy of African interests, which his predecessor as Colonial Secretary, the Conservative Leo Amery, has attempted to water-down in 1927 when setting up the Hilton Young Commission.

Northern Rhodesia did not entirely rule out federation, which had been proposed by a conference held at Victoria Falls in 1949 between the Southern Rhodesian government, and the elected, or "unofficial" members of the Northern Rhodesia Legislative Council led by Roy Welensky, without any Africans present.

Shortly afterwards, on 12 March 1959, the governor of Northern Rhodesia declared a State of emergency there, arrested 45 Zambia African National Congress including Kaunda and banned the party.

The country entered the 1964 Summer Olympics as Northern Rhodesia, and left in the closing ceremony as Zambia on 24 October, the day independence was formally declared.