54 Facts About Sami people

Sami are a Finno-Ugric-speaking people inhabiting the region of Sapmi, which today encompasses large northern parts of Norway, Sweden, Finland, and of the Murmansk Oblast, Russia, most of the Kola Peninsula in particular.

Traditionally, the Sami people have pursued a variety of livelihoods, including coastal fishing, fur trapping, and sheep herding.

Speakers of Northern Sami people refer to themselves as or, the word being inflected into various grammatical forms.

Finn was the name originally used by Norse speakers to refer to the Sami people, as attested in the Icelandic Eddas and Norse sagas .

Sami people are often known in other languages by the exonyms Lap, Lapp, or Laplanders, although these are considered derogatory terms, while others accept at least the name Lappland.

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The Sami people have their roots in the middle and upper Volga region in the Corded Ware culture.

The Sami people arrived in their current homeland some time after the beginning of the Common Era.

How far south the Sami people extended in the past has been debated among historians and archeologists for many years.

The Sami people lived on fish and reindeer meat, and did not eat wheat or rye.

In contemporary times, there are ongoing consultations between the Government of Norway and the Sami people Parliament regarding the right of the coastal Sami people to fish in the seas on the basis of historical use and international law.

The Mountain Sami people had to pay taxes to three states, Norway, Sweden and Russia, as they crossed each border while following the annual reindeer migrations; this caused much resentment over the years.

Long periods of time, the Sami people lifestyle thrived because of its adaptation to the Arctic environment.

Indigenous Sami people population is a mostly urbanised demographic, but a substantial number live in villages in the high arctic.

The Sami people are experiencing cultural and environmental threats, including: oil exploration, mining, dam building, logging, climate change, military bombing ranges, tourism and commercial development.

Greenpeace, reindeer herders, and Sami people organisations carried out a historic joint campaign, and in 2010, Sami people reindeer herders won some time as a result of these court cases.

Sweden has received strong international criticism, including by the UN Racial Discrimination Committee and the Human Rights Committee, that Sweden violates Sami people landrattigheter, including by not regulating industry.

In Norway some Sami people politicians suggest giving the Sami people Parliament a special veto right on planned mining projects.

Sami people have for centuries, even today, been the subject of discrimination and abuse by the dominant cultures in the nations they have historically inhabited.

Sami people activists have pushed for nationwide application of these basic rights.

Sami people is one of five national minority languages recognized by Swedish law.

Sami people have had very little representation in Finnish national politics.

The committee decisions clarify that Sami people are members of a minority within the meaning of Article 27 and that deprivation or erosion of their rights to practice traditional activities that are an essential element of their culture do come within the scope of Article 27.

Sami people are not only forbidden to fish in the eighty-kilometer stretch leased to the Ponoi River Company but are required by regional laws to pay for licenses to catch a limited number of fish outside the lease area.

Eastern Sami people boots have a rounded toe on reindeer-fur boots, lined with felt and with beaded details.

Some Eastern Sami people have a hooded jumper from reindeer skins with wool inside and above the knee boots.

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Traditionally the Sami people lived and worked in reindeer herding groups called siidat, which consist of several families and their herds.

Sami people have traditionally played both card games and board games, but few Sami people games have survived, because Christian missionaries and Laestadianists considered such games sinful.

Today, a considerable part of the Finnish Sami people live outside the Sapmi region, for example in Helsinki there is a relatively large and active Sami people minority.

One problem when attempting to count the population of the Sami people is that there are few common criteria of what "being a Sami people" constitutes.

Still, due to the cultural assimilation of the Sami people that had occurred in the four countries over the centuries, population estimates are difficult to measure precisely.

All Sami people languages are at some degree of endangerment, ranging from what UNESCO defines as "definitely endangered" to "extinct".

Not all Sami people viewed the schools negatively, and not all of the schools were brutal.

However, being taken from home and prohibited from speaking Sami people has resulted in cultural alienation, loss of language, and lowered self-esteem.

Sami people languages belong to the Uralic language family, linguistically related to Finnish, Estonian, and Hungarian.

The majority of the Sami now speak the majority languages of the countries they live in, i e, Swedish, Russian, Finnish and Norwegian.

In Norway, the name of the language is samisk, and the name of the people is Same; in Finland, the name of the language is spelled saame and the name of the people saamelainen.

The Sami people are in a majority only in the municipalities of Guovdageaidnu–Kautokeino, Karasjohka–Karasjok, Porsa?gu–Porsanger, Deatnu–Tana and Unjarga–Nesseby in Finnmark, and Gaivuotna–Kafjord in Northern Troms.

Some Sami people are part of a diaspora that moved to North America in order to escape assimilation policies in their home countries.

Russia has not recognized the Sami as a minority and, as a result, recognizes no Sami parliament, even if the Sami people there have formed an unrecognised Sami Parliament of Russia.

In 2010, the Sami Council supported the establishment of a cultural center in Russia for Arctic peoples.

Court proceedings have been common throughout history, and the aim from the Sami people viewpoint is to reclaim territories used earlier in history.

Sami people flag was inaugurated during the Sami people Conference in Are, Sweden, on 15 August 1986.

Many Sami people continued to practice their religion up until the 18th century.

Sami people spirituality is often characterized by pantheism, a strong emphasis on the importance of personal spirituality and its interconnectivity with one's own daily life, and a deep connection between the natural and spiritual "worlds".

Some practices within the Sami people religion include natural sacred sites such as mountains, springs, land formations, Sieidi, as well as man-made ones such as petroglyphs and labyrinths.

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Sami people's work resulted in Fragments of Lappish Mythology, since by his own admission, they contained only a small percentage of what had existed.

Since the Sami people were considered to possess "witchcraft" powers, they were often accused of sorcery during the 17th century and were the subjects of witchcraft trials and burnings.

In Norway, a major effort to convert the Sami was made around 1720, when Thomas von Westen, the "Apostle of the Sami", burned drums, burned sacred objects, and converted people.

Today there are a number of Sami people who seek to return to the traditional Pagan values of their ancestors.

Traditional Sami people beliefs are composed of three intertwining elements: animism, shamanism, and polytheism.

Genetic makeup of Sami people has been extensively studied for as long as such research has been in existence.

Ethnographic photography of the Sami people began with the invention of the camera in the 19th century.

Examples of discriminatory actions include the Statens Institut for Rasbiologi compulsory sterilization project on the basis of race, which continued until 1975, and Sami people graves being plundered to provide research materials, of which their remains and artifacts from this period from across Sapmi can still be found in various state collections.

Sami people were exhibited with their traditional lavvu tents, weapons, and sleds, beside a group of reindeer at Tierpark Hagenbeck and other zoos across the globe.