253 Facts About Theodore Roosevelt

1.

Theodore Roosevelt previously served as the 25th vice president under President William McKinley from March to September 1901 and as the 33rd governor of New York from 1899 to 1900.

2.

Theodore Roosevelt integrated his exuberant personality and a vast range of interests and achievements into a "cowboy" persona defined by robust masculinity.

3.

Theodore Roosevelt was home-schooled and began a lifelong naturalist avocation before attending Harvard College.

4.

Theodore Roosevelt recuperated by buying and operating a cattle ranch in the Dakotas.

5.

Theodore Roosevelt served as Assistant Secretary of the Navy under President McKinley, and in 1898 helped plan the highly successful naval war against Spain.

6.

Theodore Roosevelt resigned to help form and lead the Rough Riders, a unit that fought the Spanish army in Cuba to great publicity.

7.

Theodore Roosevelt assumed the presidency at age 42, and remains the youngest person to become president of the United States.

8.

Theodore Roosevelt prioritized conservation and established national parks, forests, and monuments to preserve the nation's natural resources.

9.

Theodore Roosevelt expanded the Navy and sent the Great White Fleet on a world tour to project American naval power.

10.

Theodore Roosevelt was elected to a full term in 1904 and promoted policies more to the left, despite growing opposition from Republican leaders.

11.

Theodore Roosevelt grew frustrated with Taft's conservatism and belatedly tried to win the 1912 Republican nomination for president.

12.

Theodore Roosevelt failed, walked out, and founded the new Progressive Party.

13.

Theodore Roosevelt ran in the 1912 presidential election and the split allowed the Democratic nominee Woodrow Wilson to win the election.

14.

Theodore Roosevelt considered running for president again in 1920, but his health continued to deteriorate and he died in 1919.

15.

Theodore Roosevelt was the second of four children born to socialite Martha Stewart Bulloch and businessman and philanthropist Theodore Roosevelt Sr.

16.

Theodore Roosevelt had an older sister, a younger brother and a younger sister.

17.

Elliott was later the father of Anna Eleanor Roosevelt who married Theodore's distant cousin, Franklin Delano Roosevelt.

18.

Theodore's fourth cousin, James Roosevelt I, who was a businessman, was the father of President Franklin Delano Roosevelt.

19.

Theodore Roosevelt's youth was largely shaped by his poor health and debilitating asthma.

20.

Theodore Roosevelt repeatedly experienced sudden nighttime asthma attacks that caused the experience of being smothered to death, which terrified both Theodore and his parents.

21.

Theodore Roosevelt's father was a prominent leader in New York's cultural affairs; he helped to found the Metropolitan Museum of Art, and had been especially active in mobilizing support for the Union during the American Civil War, even though his in-laws included Confederate leaders.

22.

Theodore Roosevelt combined strength and courage with gentleness, tenderness, and great unselfishness.

23.

Theodore Roosevelt had discovered the significant benefits of physical exertion to minimize his asthma and bolster his spirits.

24.

Theodore Roosevelt did well in science, philosophy, and rhetoric courses but continued to struggle in Latin and Greek.

25.

Theodore Roosevelt studied biology intently and was already an accomplished naturalist and a published ornithologist.

26.

Theodore Roosevelt was a member of the Alpha Delta Phi literary society, the Delta Kappa Epsilon fraternity, and the prestigious Porcellian Club; he was an editor of The Harvard Advocate.

27.

Theodore Roosevelt, attempting to analyze his college career and weigh the benefits he had received, felt that he had obtained little from Harvard.

28.

Theodore Roosevelt had been depressed by the formalistic treatment of many subjects, by the rigidity, the attention to minutiae that were important in themselves, but which somehow were never linked up with the whole.

29.

Theodore Roosevelt gave up his earlier plan of studying natural science and decided to attend Columbia Law School instead, moving back into his family's home in New York City.

30.

Theodore Roosevelt spent much of his time writing a book on the War of 1812.

31.

Theodore Roosevelt found allies in the local Republican Party and defeated an incumbent Republican state assemblyman tied to the political machine of Senator Roscoe Conkling closely.

32.

Theodore Roosevelt paid very close attention to Mahan's emphasis that only a nation with the world's most powerful fleet could dominate the world's oceans, exert its diplomacy to the fullest, and defend its own borders.

33.

Theodore Roosevelt incorporated Mahan's ideas into his views on naval strategy for the remainder of his career.

34.

Distraught, Theodore Roosevelt left baby Alice in the care of his sister Bamie while he grieved; he assumed custody of Alice when she was three.

35.

Theodore Roosevelt began making his mark immediately handling in corporate corruption issues specifically.

36.

Theodore Roosevelt blocked a corrupt effort of financier Jay Gould to lower his taxes.

37.

Theodore Roosevelt allied with Governor Cleveland to win passage of a civil service reform bill.

38.

Theodore Roosevelt won re-election a second time and sought the office of Speaker of the New York State Assembly, but Titus Sheard obtained the position in a 41 to 29 vote of the GOP caucus instead.

39.

Theodore Roosevelt fought for and succeeded in influencing the Manhattan delegates at the state convention in Utica.

40.

Theodore Roosevelt then took control of the state convention, bargaining through the night and outmaneuvering the supporters of Arthur and James G Blaine; consequently, he gained a national reputation as a key politician in his state.

41.

Theodore Roosevelt refused to join other Mugwumps in supporting Grover Cleveland, the governor of New York and the Democratic nominee in the general election.

42.

Theodore Roosevelt debated the pros and cons of staying loyal with his political friend, Henry Cabot Lodge.

43.

Theodore Roosevelt distanced himself from the promise, saying that it had not been meant "for publication".

44.

Theodore Roosevelt first visited the Dakota Territory in 1883 to hunt bison.

45.

Exhilarated by the western lifestyle and with the cattle business booming in the territory, Theodore Roosevelt invested $14,000 in hopes of becoming a prosperous cattle rancher.

46.

Theodore Roosevelt learned to ride western style, rope, and hunt on the banks of the Little Missouri.

47.

Theodore Roosevelt reoriented and began writing about frontier life for national magazines; he published three books: Hunting Trips of a Ranchman, Ranch Life and the Hunting-Trail, and The Wilderness Hunter.

48.

Theodore Roosevelt successfully led efforts to organize ranchers there to address the problems of overgrazing and other shared concerns, which resulted in the formation of the Little Missouri Stockmen's Association.

49.

Theodore Roosevelt felt compelled to promote conservation and was able to form the Boone and Crockett Club, whose primary goal was the conservation of large game animals and their habitats.

50.

In 1886, Theodore Roosevelt served as a deputy sheriff in Billings County, North Dakota.

51.

Theodore Roosevelt ended his ranching life and returned to New York, where he escaped the damaging label of an ineffectual intellectual.

52.

On December 2,1886, Theodore Roosevelt married his childhood friend, Edith Kermit Carow.

53.

Theodore Roosevelt felt deeply troubled that his second marriage had taken place very quickly after the death of his first wife and he faced resistance from his sisters.

54.

The couple had five children: Theodore Roosevelt "Ted" III in 1887, Kermit in 1889, Ethel in 1891, Archibald in 1894, and Quentin in 1897.

55.

Theodore Roosevelt accepted the nomination despite having little hope of winning the race against United Labor Party candidate Henry George and Democratic candidate Abram Hewitt.

56.

Theodore Roosevelt frequently clashed with Postmaster General John Wanamaker, who handed out numerous patronage positions to Harrison supporters, and Theodore Roosevelt's attempt to force out several postal workers damaged Harrison politically.

57.

In 1894, a group of reform Republicans approached Theodore Roosevelt about running for Mayor of New York again; he declined, mostly due to his wife's resistance to being removed from the Washington social set.

58.

Theodore Roosevelt retreated to the Dakotas for a time; his wife Edith regretted her role in the decision and vowed that there would be no repeat of it.

59.

Theodore Roosevelt became president of the board of commissioners and radically reformed the police force.

60.

Theodore Roosevelt implemented regular inspections of firearms and annual physical exams, appointed recruits based on their physical and mental qualifications rather than political affiliation, established Meritorious Service Medals, and closed corrupt police hostelries.

61.

In 1894, Theodore Roosevelt met Jacob Riis, the muckraking Evening Sun newspaper journalist who was opening the eyes of New Yorkers to the terrible conditions of the city's millions of poor immigrants with such books as How the Other Half Lives.

62.

Theodore Roosevelt made a habit of walking officers' beats late at night and early in the morning to make sure that they were on duty.

63.

Theodore Roosevelt chose to defer rather than split with his party.

64.

Theodore Roosevelt strongly opposed Bryan's free silver platform, viewing many of Bryan's followers as dangerous fanatics.

65.

Theodore Roosevelt began pressing his national security views regarding the Pacific and the Caribbean on McKinley, and was particularly adamant that Spain be ejected from Cuba.

66.

Theodore Roosevelt explained his priorities to one of the Navy's planners in late 1897:.

67.

George Dewey, who had received an appointment to lead the Asiatic Squadron with the backing of Theodore Roosevelt, later credited his victory at the Battle of Manila Bay to Theodore Roosevelt's orders.

68.

The regiment trained for several weeks in San Antonio, Texas, and in his autobiography, Theodore Roosevelt wrote that his prior experience with the New York National Guard had been invaluable, in that it enabled him to immediately begin teaching his men basic soldiering skills.

69.

Theodore Roosevelt was promoted to colonel and took command of the regiment when Wood was put in command of the brigade.

70.

Theodore Roosevelt had the only horse, and rode back and forth between rifle pits at the forefront of the advance up Kettle Hill, an advance that he urged despite the absence of any orders from superiors.

71.

Theodore Roosevelt was forced to walk up the last part of Kettle Hill because his horse had been entangled in barbed wire.

72.

Theodore Roosevelt always recalled the Battle of Kettle Hill as "the great day of my life" and "my crowded hour".

73.

In 2001, Theodore Roosevelt was posthumously awarded the Medal of Honor for his actions; he had been nominated during the war, but Army officials, annoyed at his grabbing the headlines, blocked it.

74.

Men working closely with Roosevelt customarily called him "Colonel" or "Theodore".

75.

Henceforth, political cartoons of Theodore Roosevelt usually depicted him in his Rough Rider garb.

76.

Shortly after Roosevelt's return to the United States, Republican Congressman Lemuel E Quigg, a lieutenant of party boss Tom Platt, asked Roosevelt to run in the 1898 gubernatorial election.

77.

Theodore Roosevelt agreed to become the nominee and to try not to "make war" with the Republican establishment once in office.

78.

Theodore Roosevelt campaigned vigorously on his war record, winning the election by a margin of just one percent.

79.

Theodore Roosevelt studied the problems of trusts, monopolies, labor relations, and conservation.

80.

Chessman argues that Theodore Roosevelt's program "rested firmly upon the concept of the square deal by a neutral state".

81.

Theodore Roosevelt successfully pushed the Ford Franchise-Tax bill, which taxed public franchises granted by the state and controlled by corporations, declaring that "a corporation which derives its powers from the State, should pay to the State a just percentage of its earnings as a return for the privileges it enjoys".

82.

Theodore Roosevelt rejected "boss" Thomas C Platt's worries that this approached Bryanite Socialism, explaining that without it, New York voters might get angry and adopt public ownership of streetcar lines and other franchises.

83.

Platt insisted that he be consulted on major appointments; Theodore Roosevelt appeared to comply, but then made his own decisions.

84.

Historians marvel that Theodore Roosevelt managed to appoint so many first-rate men with Platt's approval.

85.

Theodore Roosevelt even enlisted Platt's help in securing reform, such as in the spring of 1899, when Platt pressured state senators to vote for a civil service bill that the secretary of the Civil Service Reform Association called "superior to any civil service statute heretofore secured in America".

86.

Wallace Chessman argues that as governor, Theodore Roosevelt developed the principles that shaped his presidency, especially insistence upon the public responsibility of large corporations, publicity as a first remedy for trusts, regulation of railroad rates, mediation of the conflict of capital and labor, conservation of natural resources and protection of the less fortunate members of society.

87.

Theodore Roosevelt sought to position himself against the excesses of large corporations on the one hand and radical movements on the other.

88.

Theodore Roosevelt had no interest in challenging McKinley for the Republican nomination in 1900, and was denied his preferred post of Secretary of War.

89.

Theodore Roosevelt attended the 1900 Republican National Convention as a state delegate and struck a bargain with Platt: Theodore Roosevelt would accept the nomination for vice president if the convention offered it to him, but would otherwise serve another term as governor.

90.

Theodore Roosevelt's vice-presidential campaigning proved highly energetic and an equal match for Democratic presidential nominee William Jennings Bryan's famous barnstorming style of campaigning.

91.

Theodore Roosevelt denounced the radicalism of Bryan, contrasting it with the heroism of the soldiers and sailors who fought and won the war against Spain.

92.

Theodore Roosevelt countered that it was best for the Filipinos to have stability and the Americans to have a proud place in the world.

93.

Theodore Roosevelt had no power; he presided over the Senate for a mere four days before it adjourned.

94.

Theodore Roosevelt was vacationing in Isle La Motte, Vermont, and traveled to Buffalo to visit McKinley in the hospital.

95.

When McKinley's condition worsened, Theodore Roosevelt again rushed back to Buffalo.

96.

Theodore Roosevelt assured party leaders that he intended to adhere to McKinley's policies, and he retained McKinley's Cabinet.

97.

Nonetheless, Theodore Roosevelt sought to position himself as the party's undisputed leader, seeking to bolster the role of the president and position himself for the 1904 election.

98.

Shortly after taking office, Roosevelt invited Booker T Washington to dinner at the White House.

99.

Theodore Roosevelt reacted with astonishment and protest, saying that he looked forward to many future dinners with Washington.

100.

Theodore Roosevelt viewed big business as a necessary part of the American economy, and sought only to prosecute the "bad trusts" that restrained trade and charged unfair prices.

101.

Theodore Roosevelt brought 44 antitrust suits, breaking up the Northern Securities Company, the largest railroad monopoly; and regulating Standard Oil, the largest oil company.

102.

Theodore Roosevelt successfully appealed to the public to pressure Congress, and Congress overwhelmingly voted to pass Theodore Roosevelt's version of the bill.

103.

Theodore Roosevelt even ordered changes made in the minting of a coin whose design he disliked, and ordered the Government Printing Office to adopt simplified spellings for a core list of 300 words, according to reformers on the Simplified Spelling Board.

104.

Theodore Roosevelt was forced to rescind the latter after substantial ridicule from the press and a resolution of protest from the US House of Representatives.

105.

Theodore Roosevelt investigated and prosecuted corrupt Indian agents who had cheated the Creeks and various Native American tribes out of land parcels.

106.

Historians generally agree that Theodore Roosevelt moved "quickly and decisively" to prosecute misconduct in his administration.

107.

Theodore Roosevelt worked with the Democratic Senator Benjamin Tillman to pass the bill.

108.

Theodore Roosevelt responded to public anger over the abuses in the food packing industry by pushing Congress to pass the Meat Inspection Act of 1906 and the Pure Food and Drug Act.

109.

Theodore Roosevelt served as honorary president of the American School Hygiene Association from 1907 to 1908, and in 1909 he convened the first White House Conference on the Care of Dependent Children.

110.

Theodore Roosevelt worked closely with Interior Secretary James Rudolph Garfield and Chief of the United States Forest Service Gifford Pinchot to enact a series of conservation programs that often met with resistance from Western members of Congress, such as Charles William Fulton.

111.

Nonetheless, Theodore Roosevelt established the United States Forest Service, signed into law the creation of five National Parks, and signed the 1906 Antiquities Act, under which he proclaimed 18 new US National Monuments.

112.

Theodore Roosevelt established the first 51 bird reserves, four game preserves, and 150 National Forests.

113.

In part due to his dedication to conservation, Theodore Roosevelt was voted in as the first honorary member of the Camp-Fire Club of America.

114.

Theodore Roosevelt extensively used executive orders on a number of occasions to protect forest and wildlife lands during his tenure as president.

115.

Theodore Roosevelt was unapologetic about his extensive use of executive orders to protect the environment, despite the perception in Congress that he was encroaching on too many lands.

116.

In total, Theodore Roosevelt used executive orders to establish 121 forest reserves in 31 states.

117.

In 1907, Theodore Roosevelt faced the greatest domestic economic crisis since the Panic of 1893.

118.

Theodore Roosevelt thus approved the growth of one of the largest and most hated trusts, while the public announcement calmed the markets.

119.

Theodore Roosevelt wanted the influence of the Russians to weaken in order to take them out in the Pacific diplomatic equation, with the Japanese emerging to their spot as the Russian replacement.

120.

Theodore Roosevelt intended to emphasize the superiority of the American fleet over the smaller Japanese navy, but instead of resentment the visitors arrived to a joyous welcome by Japanese elite as well as the general public.

121.

Theodore Roosevelt searched for ways to win recognition for the position abroad.

122.

Theodore Roosevelt played a major role in mediating the First Moroccan Crisis by calling the Algeciras Conference, which averted war between France and Germany.

123.

Theodore Roosevelt's presidency saw the strengthening of ties with Great Britain.

124.

Theodore Roosevelt increased the size of the navy, and by the end of his second term the United States had more battleships than any other country besides Britain.

125.

Theodore Roosevelt was particularly concerned with the motives of German Emperor Wilhelm II.

126.

Theodore Roosevelt succeeded in getting the three nations to agree to arbitration by tribunal at The Hague, and successfully defused the crisis.

127.

Theodore Roosevelt convinced Congress to approve the Panamanian alternative, and a treaty was approved, only to be rejected by the Colombian government.

128.

Theodore Roosevelt received criticism for paying the bankrupt Panama Canal Company and the New Panama Canal Company $40,000,000 for the rights and equipment to build the canal.

129.

Theodore Roosevelt denied charges of corruption concerning the canal in a January 8,1906, message to Congress.

130.

In 1906, following a disputed election, an insurrection ensued in Cuba; Theodore Roosevelt sent Taft, the Secretary of War, to monitor the situation; he was convinced that he had the authority to unilaterally authorize Taft to deploy Marines if necessary, without congressional approval.

131.

The most striking evolution in the twenty-first-century historiography of Theodore Roosevelt is the switch from a partial arraignment of the imperialist to a quasi-unanimous celebration of the master diplomatist.

132.

On November 6,1906, Theodore Roosevelt was the first president to depart the continental United States on an official diplomatic trip.

133.

Theodore Roosevelt made a 17-day trip to Panama and Puerto Rico.

134.

Theodore Roosevelt checked on the progress of the Canal's construction and talked to workers about the importance of the project.

135.

Theodore Roosevelt normally enjoyed very close relationships with the press, which he used to keep in daily contact with his middle-class base.

136.

Theodore Roosevelt himself was not usually a target, but a speech of his from 1906 coined the term "muckraker" for unscrupulous journalists making wild charges.

137.

Hanna and Pennsylvania Senator Matthew Quay both died in early 1904, and with the waning of Thomas Platt's power, Theodore Roosevelt faced little effective opposition for the 1904 nomination.

138.

Theodore Roosevelt attempted to manage the press's release of White House statements by forming the Ananias Club.

139.

Theodore Roosevelt denied corruption while at the same time he ordered Cortelyou to return $100,000 of a campaign contribution from Standard Oil.

140.

Parker said that Theodore Roosevelt was accepting corporate donations to keep damaging information from the Bureau of Corporations from going public.

141.

Allegations from Parker and the Democrats had little impact on the election, as Theodore Roosevelt promised to give every American a "square deal".

142.

Theodore Roosevelt's influence waned as he approached the end of his second term, as his promise to forego a third term made him a lame duck and his concentration of power provoked a backlash from many Congressmen.

143.

Theodore Roosevelt wanted an employee liability law for industrial injuries and an eight-hour work day for federal employees.

144.

Theodore Roosevelt said Roosevelt overruled his Secretary of the Interior Ethan A Hitchcock and granted a pipeline franchise to run through the Osage lands to the Prairie Oil and Gas Company.

145.

The New York Sun made a similar accusation and said that Standard Oil, a refinery who financially benefited from the pipeline, had contributed $150,000 to the Republicans in 1904 after Theodore Roosevelt's alleged reversal allowing the pipeline franchise.

146.

Theodore Roosevelt branded Haskell's allegation as "a lie, pure and simple" and obtained a denial from Treasury Secretary Shaw that Theodore Roosevelt had neither coerced Shaw nor overruled him.

147.

Theodore Roosevelt's rhetoric was characterized by an intense moralism of personal righteousness.

148.

Theodore Roosevelt enjoyed being president and was still relatively youthful, but felt that a limited number of terms provided a check against dictatorship.

149.

Theodore Roosevelt ultimately decided to stick to his 1904 pledge not to run for a third term.

150.

Theodore Roosevelt personally favored Secretary of State Elihu Root as his successor, but Root's ill health made him an unsuitable candidate.

151.

Taft usually proved to be a less adroit politician than Theodore Roosevelt and lacked the energy and personal magnetism, along with the publicity devices, the dedicated supporters, and the broad base of public support that made Theodore Roosevelt so formidable.

152.

Theodore Roosevelt's party landed in Mombasa, East Africa and traveled to the Belgian Congo before following the Nile River to Khartoum in modern Sudan.

153.

Theodore Roosevelt wrote a detailed account of the safari in the book African Game Trails, recounting the excitement of the chase, the people he met, and the flora and fauna he collected in the name of science.

154.

Theodore Roosevelt refused a meeting with the Pope due to a dispute over a group of Methodists active in Rome.

155.

Theodore Roosevelt met with Emperor Franz Joseph of Austria-Hungary, Kaiser Wilhelm II of Germany, King George V of Great Britain, and other European leaders.

156.

In Oslo, Norway, Theodore Roosevelt delivered a speech calling for limitations on naval armaments, a strengthening of the Permanent Court of Arbitration, and the creation of a "League of Peace" among the world powers.

157.

Theodore Roosevelt delivered the Romanes Lecture at Oxford, in which he denounced those who sought parallels between the evolution of animal life and the development of society.

158.

Theodore Roosevelt returned to the United States in June 1910 where he was shortly thereafter honored with a reception luncheon on the roof of the Waldorf-Astoria Hotel in New York City hosted by the Camp-Fire Club of America, of which he was a member.

159.

In October 1910, Theodore Roosevelt became the first US president to fly in an airplane, staying aloft for four minutes in a Wright Brothers-designed craft near St Louis.

160.

Theodore Roosevelt had attempted to refashion Taft into a copy of himself, but he recoiled as Taft began to display his individuality.

161.

Theodore Roosevelt was offended on election night when Taft indicated that his success had been possible not just through the efforts of Roosevelt, but Taft's half-brother Charles.

162.

Theodore Roosevelt was further alienated when Taft, intent on becoming his own man, did not consult him about cabinet appointments.

163.

Theodore Roosevelt urged progressives to take control of the Republican Party at the state and local level and to avoid splitting the party in a way that would hand the presidency to the Democrats in 1912.

164.

Theodore Roosevelt called for a ban on corporate political contributions.

165.

Theodore Roosevelt campaigned for the Republicans in the 1910 elections, in which the Democrats gained control of the House for the first time since 1892.

166.

Between January and April 1911, Theodore Roosevelt wrote a series of articles for The Outlook, defending what he called "the great movement of our day, the progressive nationalist movement against special privilege, and in favor of an honest and efficient political and industrial democracy".

167.

Theodore Roosevelt continually criticized Taft after the 1910 elections, and the break between the two men became final after the Justice Department filed an antitrust lawsuit against US Steel in September 1911; Theodore Roosevelt was humiliated by this suit because he had personally approved of an acquisition that the Justice Department was now challenging.

168.

However, Theodore Roosevelt was still unwilling to run against Taft in 1912; he instead hoped to run in 1916 against whichever Democrat beat Taft in 1912.

169.

However, an opposing faction of progressives, led by Theodore Roosevelt, ridiculed arbitration as foolhardy idealism, and insisted on the realism of warfare as the only solution to serious international disputes.

170.

Theodore Roosevelt worked with his close friend Senator Henry Cabot Lodge to impose those amendments that ruined the goals of the treaties.

171.

At a deeper level, Theodore Roosevelt truly believed that arbitration was a naive solution and the great issues had to be decided by warfare.

172.

Theodore Roosevelt began to envision himself as the savior of the Republican Party from defeat in the upcoming presidential election.

173.

Meanwhile, Theodore Roosevelt won in Illinois, Minnesota, Nebraska, South Dakota, California, Maryland, and Pennsylvania.

174.

Theodore Roosevelt's train went 1,800 miles back and forth in the one state, where he made 75 speeches.

175.

Theodore Roosevelt swept the state, convincing Theodore Roosevelt that he should intensify his campaigning, and letting Taft know he should work from the White House not the stump.

176.

Theodore Roosevelt saw Taft as the agent of "the forces of reaction and of political crookedness".

177.

Theodore Roosevelt believed himself entitled to 72 delegates from Arizona, California, Texas and Washington that had been given to Taft.

178.

Once his defeat at the Republican convention appeared probable, Theodore Roosevelt announced that he would "accept the progressive nomination on a progressive platform and I shall fight to the end, win or lose".

179.

Theodore Roosevelt left the Republican Party and created the Progressive Party, structuring it as a permanent organization that would field complete tickets at the presidential and state level.

180.

Theodore Roosevelt reassured him in 1912 that of course he had to endorse Taft.

181.

Theodore Roosevelt handled the new party's finances efficiently, but was deeply distrusted by many reformers.

182.

The new party was popularly known as the "Bull Moose Party" after Theodore Roosevelt told reporters, "I'm as fit as a bull moose".

183.

Rival all-white and all-black delegations from four southern states arrived at the Progressive national convention, and Theodore Roosevelt decided to seat the all-white delegations.

184.

Out of 1,100 counties in the South, Theodore Roosevelt won two counties in Alabama, one in Arkansas, seven in North Carolina, three in Georgia, 17 in Tennessee, two in Texas, one in Virginia, and none in Florida, Louisiana, Mississippi, or South Carolina.

185.

On October 14,1912, while arriving at a campaign event in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, Theodore Roosevelt was shot from seven feet away in front of the Gilpatrick Hotel by a delusional saloonkeeper named John Flammang Schrank, who believed that the ghost of assassinated president William McKinley had directed him to kill Theodore Roosevelt.

186.

Schrank was immediately disarmed, captured, and might have been lynched had Theodore Roosevelt not shouted for Schrank to remain unharmed.

187.

Theodore Roosevelt assured the crowd he was all right, then ordered police to take charge of Schrank and to make sure no violence was done to him.

188.

Theodore Roosevelt declined suggestions to go to the hospital immediately and instead delivered a 90 minute speech with blood seeping into his shirt.

189.

Doctors concluded that it would be less dangerous to leave it in place than to attempt to remove it, and Theodore Roosevelt carried the bullet with him for the rest of his life.

190.

Theodore Roosevelt spent two weeks recuperating before returning to the campaign trail.

191.

Theodore Roosevelt still campaigned vigorously, and the election developed into a two-person contest despite Taft's quiet presence in the race.

192.

Theodore Roosevelt respected Wilson, but the two differed on various issues; Wilson opposed any federal intervention regarding women's suffrage or child labor, and attacked Theodore Roosevelt's tolerance of large businesses.

193.

Wilson scored a massive landslide in the Electoral College, with 435 electoral votes; Theodore Roosevelt won 88 electoral votes, while Taft won 8.

194.

Theodore Roosevelt, meanwhile, garnered a higher share of the popular vote than any other third-party presidential candidate in history and won the most states of any third-party candidate after the Civil War.

195.

Theodore Roosevelt's crew consisted of his son Kermit, Colonel Rondon, naturalist George Kruck Cherrie, Brazilian Lieutenant Joao Lira, team physician Dr Jose Antonio Cajazeira, and 16 skilled paddlers and porters.

196.

Theodore Roosevelt identified Leo Miller, Anthony Fiala, Frank Harper, and Jacob Sigg as crew members.

197.

Theodore Roosevelt wrote, perhaps prophetically, to a friend that the trip had cut his life short by ten years.

198.

Theodore Roosevelt made several campaign appearances for the Progressives, but the 1914 elections were a disaster for the fledgling third party.

199.

Theodore Roosevelt began to envision another campaign for president, this time with himself at the head of the Republican Party, but conservative party leaders remained opposed to Theodore Roosevelt.

200.

Theodore Roosevelt angrily denounced the foreign policy of President Wilson, calling it a failure regarding the atrocities in Belgium and the violations of American rights.

201.

In 1916, while campaigning for Hughes, Theodore Roosevelt repeatedly denounced Irish-Americans and German-Americans whom he described as unpatriotic, saying they put the interests of Ireland and Germany ahead of America's by supporting neutrality.

202.

Theodore Roosevelt never forgave Wilson, and quickly published The Foes of Our Own Household, an indictment of the sitting president.

203.

Theodore Roosevelt was an early supporter of the modern view that there needs to be a global order.

204.

When World War I broke out, Theodore Roosevelt proposed "a World League for the Peace of Righteousness", in September 1914, which would preserve sovereignty but limit armaments and require arbitration.

205.

Theodore Roosevelt denounced Wilson's approach but died before it was adopted at Paris.

206.

Theodore Roosevelt declined a request from New York Republicans to run for another gubernatorial term, but attacked Wilson's Fourteen Points, calling instead for the unconditional surrender of Germany.

207.

Theodore Roosevelt was hospitalized for seven weeks late in the year and never fully recovered.

208.

Between 4:00 and 4:15 the next morning, Theodore Roosevelt died at the age of 60 in his sleep at Sagamore Hill after a blood clot detached from a vein and traveled to his lungs.

209.

Theodore Roosevelt was a prolific author, writing with passion on subjects ranging from foreign policy to the importance of the national park system.

210.

In 1907, Theodore Roosevelt became embroiled in a widely publicized literary debate known as the nature fakers controversy.

211.

Theodore Roosevelt agreed with Burroughs's criticisms, and published several essays of his own denouncing the booming genre of "naturalistic" animal stories as "yellow journalism of the woods".

212.

Theodore Roosevelt intensely disliked being called "Teddy", despite the widespread public association with said moniker, and was quick to point out this to those who referred to him as such, though it would become widely used by newspapers during his political career.

213.

Theodore Roosevelt was an active Freemason and member of the Sons of the American Revolution.

214.

British scholar Marcus Cunliffe evaluates the liberal argument that Theodore Roosevelt was an opportunist, exhibitionist, and imperialist.

215.

Theodore Roosevelt argues that Roosevelt's foreign policy was better than his detractors allege.

216.

Theodore Roosevelt had a lifelong interest in pursuing what he called, in an 1899 speech, "The Strenuous Life".

217.

Theodore Roosevelt continued his habit of skinny-dipping in the Potomac River during the winter.

218.

Theodore Roosevelt began to believe in the utility of jiu-jitsu training after training with Yoshitsugu Yamashita.

219.

Concerned that the United States would lose its military supremacy to rising powers like Japan, Theodore Roosevelt began to advocate for jiu-jitsu training for American soldiers.

220.

Feminists annoyed by the posturing of men like Theodore Roosevelt, insisted that women were just as capable of learning jiu-jitsu.

221.

Theodore Roosevelt was an enthusiastic singlestick player and, according to Harper's Weekly, showed up at a White House reception with his arm bandaged after a bout with General Leonard Wood in 1905.

222.

Theodore Roosevelt was an avid reader, reading tens of thousands of books, at a rate of several per day in multiple languages.

223.

Theodore Roosevelt took aggressive positions regarding war with Spain in 1898, Colombia in 1903, and especially with Germany, from 1915 to 1917.

224.

Theodore Roosevelt gloried in war, was thrilled by military history, and placed warlike qualities high in his scale of values.

225.

Theodore Roosevelt attended church regularly and was a lifelong adherent of the Reformed Church in America, the American affiliate of the Dutch Reformed Church.

226.

Theodore Roosevelt often praised moral behavior but apparently never made a spiritual confession of his own faith.

227.

Theodore Roosevelt campaigned among Protestants, Catholics and Jews, and appointed them to office.

228.

Theodore Roosevelt was suspicious of Mormons until they renounced polygamy.

229.

Theodore Roosevelt publicly encouraged church attendance and was a conscientious churchgoer himself.

230.

Theodore Roosevelt sought to replace the 19th-century laissez-faire economic environment with a new economic model which included a larger regulatory role for the federal government.

231.

Theodore Roosevelt believed that 19th-century entrepreneurs had risked their fortunes on innovations and new businesses, and that these capitalists had been rightly rewarded.

232.

Theodore Roosevelt, trained in biology, was a social Darwinist who believed in survival of the fittest.

233.

Theodore Roosevelt deplored many of the increasingly popular idealistic liberal themes, such as were promoted by William Jennings Bryan, the anti-imperialists, and Woodrow Wilson.

234.

Theodore Roosevelt argued that if a country could not protect its own interests, the international community could not help very much.

235.

Theodore Roosevelt saw no likelihood of an international power capable of checking wrongdoing on a major scale.

236.

On his international outlook, Theodore Roosevelt favored spheres of influence, whereby one great power would generally prevail, such as the United States in the Western Hemisphere or Great Britain in the Indian subcontinent.

237.

Historians credit Theodore Roosevelt for changing the nation's political system by permanently placing the "bully pulpit" of the presidency at center stage and making character as important as the issues.

238.

Dalton says Theodore Roosevelt is remembered as "one of the most picturesque personalities who has ever enlivened the landscape".

239.

Theodore Roosevelt promoted competitive sports like boxing and jiu-jitsu for physically strengthening American men.

240.

Theodore Roosevelt believed that organizations like the Boy Scouts of America, founded in 1910, could help mold and strengthen the character of American boys.

241.

Theodore Roosevelt sold his steel company and now had the time and the dollars to make an impact.

242.

Carnegie hoped that Theodore Roosevelt would turn the Philippines free, not realizing he was more of an imperialist and believer in warrior virtues than President McKinley had been.

243.

Theodore Roosevelt relied on Carnegie for financing his expedition to Africa in 1909.

244.

Theodore Roosevelt started to do so but the scheme collapsed when king Edward VII suddenly died.

245.

Nasaw argues that Theodore Roosevelt systematically deceived and manipulated Carnegie, and held the elderly man in contempt.

246.

Nasaw quotes a private letter Theodore Roosevelt wrote to Whitelaw Reid in 1905:.

247.

Theodore Roosevelt was included with Presidents George Washington, Thomas Jefferson, and Abraham Lincoln at the Mount Rushmore Memorial, designed in 1927 with the approval of Republican President Calvin Coolidge.

248.

However, the initial recommendation lacked any eyewitnesses, and the effort was eventually tainted by Theodore Roosevelt's own lobbying of the War Department.

249.

Theodore Roosevelt is the only president to have received the Medal of Honor.

250.

Theodore Roosevelt has been portrayed in films and television series such as Brighty of the Grand Canyon, The Wind and the Lion, Rough Riders, My Friend Flicka, and Law of the Plainsman.

251.

Additionally, Theodore Roosevelt appears as the leader of the American civilization in the 2016 Firaxis Games-developed video game Civilization VI.

252.

The America the Beautiful Quarters series features Theodore Roosevelt riding a horse on the national park's quarter.

253.

Museum president Ellen V Futter said the decision did not reflect a judgment about Roosevelt but was driven by the sculpture's "hierarchical composition".