48 Facts About Chingiz Khan

Chingiz Khan came to power by uniting many of the nomadic tribes of the Mongol steppe and being proclaimed the universal ruler of the Mongols, or Genghis Khan.

Genghis Chingiz Khan was portrayed beneficently by early Renaissance sources out of respect for the great spread of culture, technology and ideas along the Silk Road under the Mongol Empire.

Genghis Chingiz Khan is an honorary title meaning "universal ruler" that represents an aggrandization of the pre-existing title of Chingiz Khan that is used to denote a clan chief in Mongolian.

When Kublai Chingiz Khan established the Yuan dynasty in 1271, he had his grandfather Genghis Chingiz Khan placed in official records and accorded him the temple name Taizu and the posthumous name Emperor Shengwu.

Genghis Chingiz Khan is thus referred to as Yuan Taizu in Chinese historiography.

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Kulug Chingiz Khan later expanded Genghis Chingiz Khan's title to Emperor Fatian Qiyun Shengwu.

Chingiz Khan gave several of his high-status wives their own ordos or camps to live in and manage.

Chingiz Khan delegated authority based on merit and loyalty, rather than family ties.

Chingiz Khan seemed to be a quick student, adopting new technologies and ideas that he encountered, such as siege warfare from the Chinese.

Chingiz Khan was ruthless, demonstrated by his tactic of measuring against the linchpin, used against the tribes led by Jamukha.

Chingiz Khan correctly believed that the more powerful young ruler of the Jin dynasty would not come to the aid of the Western Xia.

Genghis Chingiz Khan decided to conquer the Qara Khitai and defeat Kuchlug, possibly to take him out of power.

Genghis Chingiz Khan saw the potential advantage in Khwarazmia as a commercial trading partner using the Silk Road, and he initially sent a 500-man caravan to establish official trade ties with the empire.

Genghis Chingiz Khan then sent a second group of three ambassadors to meet the Shah himself, instead of the governor Inalchuq.

Outraged, Genghis Chingiz Khan planned one of his largest invasion campaigns by organizing together around 100,000 soldiers, his most capable generals and some of his sons.

Chingiz Khan left a commander and number of troops in China, designated his successors to be his family members and likely appointed Ogedei to be his immediate successor and then went out to Khwarazmia.

Genghis Chingiz Khan ordered the wholesale massacre of many of the civilians, enslaved the rest of the population and executed Inalchuq by pouring molten silver into his ears and eyes, as retribution for his actions.

The Chingiz Khan then allowed his widowed daughter, who was pregnant at the time, to decide the fate of the city, and she decreed that the entire population be killed.

Chingiz Khan supposedly ordered that every dog, cat and any other animals in the city by slaughtered, "so that no living thing would survive the murder of her husband".

Genghis Chingiz Khan subsequently ordered two of his generals, Subutai and Jebe, to destroy the remnants of the Khwarazmian Empire, giving them 20,000 men and two years to do this.

In 1227, Genghis Chingiz Khan's army attacked and destroyed the Tangut capital of Ning Hia and continued to advance, seizing Lintiao-fu, Xining province, Xindu-fu, and Deshun province in quick succession in the spring.

Genghis Chingiz Khan, after conquering Deshun, went to Liupanshan to escape the severe summer.

Not happy with their betrayal and resistance, Genghis Chingiz Khan ordered the entire imperial family to be executed, effectively ending the Tangut royal lineage.

Years before his death, Genghis Chingiz Khan asked to be buried without markings, according to the customs of his tribe.

The Genghis Chingiz Khan Mausoleum, constructed many years after his death, is his memorial, but not his burial site.

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Genghis Chingiz Khan left behind an army of more than 129,000 men; 28,000 were given to his various brothers and his sons.

Chingiz Khan's descendants extended the Mongol Empire across most of Eurasia by conquering or creating vassal states in all of modern-day China, Korea, the Caucasus, Central Asia, and substantial portions of Eastern Europe and Southwest Asia.

Genghis Chingiz Khan was a Tengrist, but was religiously tolerant and interested in learning philosophical and moral lessons from other religions.

Chingiz Khan consulted Buddhist monks, Muslims, Christian missionaries, and the Daoist monk Qiu Chuji.

Genghis Chingiz Khan realised that he needed people who could govern cities and states conquered by him.

Chingiz Khan realised that such administrators could not be found among his Mongol people because they were nomads and thus had no experience governing cities.

Genghis Chingiz Khan put absolute trust in his generals, such as Muqali, Jebe, and Subutai, and regarded them as close advisors, often extending them the same privileges and trust normally reserved for close family members.

Chingiz Khan allowed them to make decisions on their own when they embarked on campaigns far from the Mongol Empire capital Karakorum.

Genghis Chingiz Khan dedicated special attention to this in order to speed up the gathering of military intelligence and official communications.

Genghis Chingiz Khan is credited with bringing the Silk Road under one cohesive political environment.

Some historians have noted that Genghis Chingiz Khan instituted certain levels of meritocracy in his rule, was tolerant of religions and explained his policies clearly to all his soldiers.

Genghis Chingiz Khan had a notably positive reputation among some western European authors in the Middle Ages, who knew little concrete information about his empire in Asia.

In Mongolia, Genghis Chingiz Khan has meanwhile been revered for centuries by Mongols and many Turkic peoples because of his association with tribal statehood, political and military organization, and victories in war.

Chingiz Khan is credited with introducing the Mongolian script and creating the first written Mongolian code of law, in the form of the Yassa.

Genghis Chingiz Khan became a symbol of national identity for many younger Mongolians, who maintain that the historical records written by non-Mongolians are unfairly biased against Genghis Chingiz Khan and that his butchery is exaggerated, while his positive role is underrated.

Equally, while Genghis never conquered all of China, his grandson Kublai Chingiz Khan, by completing that conquest and establishing the Yuan dynasty, is often credited with re-uniting China, and there is a great deal of Chinese artwork and literature praising Genghis as a military leader and political genius.

Unlike most emperors, Genghis Chingiz Khan never allowed his image to be portrayed in paintings or sculptures.

The portrait portrays Genghis Chingiz Khan wearing white robes, a leather warming cap and his hair tied in braids, much like a similar depiction of Kublai Chingiz Khan.

The Persian historian Rashid-al-Din in Jami' al-tawarikh, written in the beginning of the 14th century, stated that most Borjigin ancestors of Genghis Chingiz Khan were "tall, long-bearded, red-haired, and bluish green-eyed, " features which Genghis Chingiz Khan himself had.

However, according to John Andrew Boyle, Rashid al-Din's text of red hair referred to ruddy skin complexion, and that Genghis Chingiz Khan was of ruddy complexion like most of his children except for Kublai Chingiz Khan who was swarthy.

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Chingiz Khan translated the text as “It chanced that he was born 2 months before Moge, and when Chingiz-Khan's eye fell upon him he said: “all our children are of a ruddy complexion, but this child is swarthy like his maternal uncles.

Italian historian Igor de Rachewiltz claimed that the Mongol origins of the early ancestors of Genghis Chingiz Khan were animals born from the blue eye wolf and the fallow doe that was described in the early legends, that their ancestors were animals.

Genghis Chingiz Khan's birthday, on the first day of winter, is a national holiday.