57 Facts About Colombia

Colombia, officially the Republic of Colombia, is a country in South America with an insular region in North America.

Colombia is one of the world's seventeen megadiverse countries; it has the second-highest level of biodiversity in the world.

Colombia is a member of major global and regional organizations including the UN, the WTO, the OECD, the OAS, the Pacific Alliance and the Andean Community.

Name "Colombia" is derived from the last name of the Italian navigator Christopher Columbus .

Territory of the Viceroyalty of New Granada became the Republic of Colombia, organized as a union of the current territories of Colombia, Panama, Ecuador, Venezuela, parts of Guyana and Brazil and north of Maranon River.

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Colombia was the first constitutional government in South America, and the Liberal and Conservative parties, founded in 1848 and 1849, respectively, are two of the oldest surviving political parties in the Americas.

Colombia entered the Korean War when Laureano Gomez was elected president.

Colombia has offered humanitarian support with food and medicines to mitigate the shortage of supplies in Venezuela.

Colombia proposed the idea of the Sustainable Development Goals and a final document was adopted by the United Nations.

Colombia recognized Venezuelan opposition leader Juan Guaido as the country's legitimate president.

In January 2020, Colombia rejected Maduro's proposal that the two countries would restore diplomatic relations.

Colombia is bordered to the northwest by Panama, to the east by Venezuela and Brazil, and to the south by Ecuador and Peru; it established its maritime boundaries with neighboring countries through seven agreements on the Caribbean Sea and three on the Pacific Ocean.

Colombia has four main drainage systems: the Pacific drain, the Caribbean drain, the Orinoco Basin and the Amazon Basin.

Colombia had a 2018 Forest Landscape Integrity Index mean score of 8.

Colombia is the sixth country in the world by magnitude of total renewable freshwater supply, and still has large reserves of freshwater.

Climate of Colombia is characterized for being tropical presenting variations within six natural regions and depending on the altitude, temperature, humidity, winds and rainfall.

Colombia has a diverse range of climate zones, including tropical rainforests, savannas, steppes, deserts and mountain climates.

Colombia is one of the megadiverse countries in biodiversity, ranking first in bird species.

Colombia is the second most biodiverse country in the world, lagging only after Brazil which is approximately 7 times bigger.

Colombia is the country with the planet's highest biodiversity, having the highest rate of species by area as well as the largest number of endemisms of any country.

Colombia is second in the number of amphibian species and is the third most diverse country in reptiles and palms.

In Colombia there are 32 terrestrial biomes and 314 types of ecosystems.

Government of Colombia takes place within the framework of a presidential participatory democratic republic as established in the Constitution of 1991.

Colombia operates a system of civil law, which since 2005 has been applied through an adversarial system.

In 2022, Colombia elected Gustavo Petro, who became its first leftist leader, and Francia Marquez, who was the first black person elected as Vice President.

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Foreign affairs of Colombia are headed by the President, as head of state, and managed by the Minister of Foreign Affairs.

Colombia was one of the four founding members of the Pacific Alliance, which is a political, economic and co-operative integration mechanism that promotes the free circulation of goods, services, capital and persons between the members, as well as a common stock exchange and joint embassies in several countries.

Colombia is a member of the United Nations, the World Trade Organization, the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, the Organization of American States, the Organization of Ibero-American States, and the Andean Community of Nations.

In 2018, Colombia signed the UN treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons.

Colombia has a very high crime rate due to being a center for the cultivation and trafficking of cocaine.

Colombia is divided into 32 departments and one capital district, which is treated as a department .

Colombia has free-trade zones, such as Zona Franca del Pacifico, located in the Valle del Cauca, one of the most striking areas for foreign investment.

Colombia is one of only three economies with a perfect score on the strength of legal rights index, according to the World Bank.

Colombia is rich in natural resources, and it is heavily dependent on energy and mining exports.

Colombia is among the 20 largest producers in the world of beef and chicken meat.

Colombia is the 2nd largest flower exporter in the world, after the Netherlands.

In mining, Colombia is the world's largest producer of emerald, and in the production of gold, between 2006 and 2017, the country produced 15 tons per year until 2007, when its production increased significantly, beating the record of 66.

Colombia was ranked 67th in the Global Innovation Index in 2021.

The International Center for Tropical Agriculture based in Colombia investigates the increasing challenge of global warming and food security.

Also invented in Colombia were the microkeratome and keratomileusis technique, which form the fundamental basis of what now is known as LASIK and the Hakim valve for the treatment of Hydrocephalus.

Colombia has begun to innovate in military technology for its army and other armies of the world; especially in the design and creation of personal ballistic protection products, military hardware, military robots, bombs, simulators and radar.

Since the early 1970s Colombia has experienced steady declines in its fertility, mortality, and population growth rates.

Traditionally a rural society, movement to urban areas was very heavy in the mid-20th century, and Colombia is one of the most urbanized countries in Latin America.

Colombia is ethnically diverse, its people descending from the original native inhabitants, Spanish colonists, Africans originally brought to the country as slaves, and 20th-century immigrants from Europe and the Middle East, all contributing to a diverse cultural heritage.

Organizacion Nacional Indigena de Colombia, founded at the first National Indigenous Congress in 1982, is an organization representing the indigenous peoples of Colombia.

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In 1991, Colombia signed and ratified the current international law concerning indigenous peoples, Indigenous and Tribal Peoples Convention, 1989.

Cultural expressions in Colombia are promoted by the government through the Ministry of Culture.

Contemporary architecture of Colombia is designed to give greater importance to the materials, this architecture takes into account the specific natural and artificial geographies and is an architecture that appeals to the senses.

Colombia has a vibrant collage of talent that touches a full spectrum of rhythms.

Musicians, composers, music producers and singers from Colombia are recognized internationally such as Shakira, Juanes, Carlos Vives and others.

Television in Colombia has two privately owned TV networks and three state-owned TV networks with national coverage, as well as six regional TV networks and dozens of local TV stations.

Colombia has three major national radio networks: Radiodifusora Nacional de Colombia, a state-run national radio; Caracol Radio and RCN Radio, privately owned networks with hundreds of affiliates.

Colombia is one of the world's largest consumers of fruit juices.

Tejo is Colombia's national sport and is a team sport that involves launching projectiles to hit a target.

Colombia was the champion of the 2001 Copa America, in which they set a new record of being undefeated, conceding no goals and winning each match.

Colombia has excelled in sports such as BMX, judo, shooting sport, taekwondo, wrestling, high diving and athletics, has a long tradition in weightlifting and bowling.

In Colombia, there is not an institution such as college; students go directly into a career program at a university or any other educational institution to obtain a professional, technical or technological title.