Ecuador includes the Galapagos Islands in the Pacific, about 1, 000 kilometers west of the mainland.
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Ecuador includes the Galapagos Islands in the Pacific, about 1, 000 kilometers west of the mainland.
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Territories of modern-day Ecuador were once home to a variety of Amerindian groups that were gradually incorporated into the Inca Empire during the 15th century.
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Sovereign state of Ecuador is a middle-income representative democratic republic and a developing country that is highly dependent on commodities, namely petroleum and agricultural products.
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Thus, the region of highland Ecuador became part of the Inca Empire in 1463 sharing the same language.
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The indigenous people of the Amazon jungle and coastal Ecuador remained relatively autonomous until the Spanish soldiers and missionaries arrived in force.
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The Amazonian people and the Cayapas of Coastal Ecuador were the only groups to resist Inca and Spanish domination, maintaining their language and culture well into the 21st century.
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Ecuador willed that his heart be buried in Quito, his favorite city, and the rest of his body be buried with his ancestors in Cuzco.
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In 1830, Ecuador separated from Gran Colombia and became an independent republic.
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The first president of Ecuador was the Venezuelan-born Juan Jose Flores, who was ultimately deposed, followed by several authoritarian leaders, such as Vicente Rocafuerte; Jose Joaquin de Olmedo; Jose Maria Urbina; Diego Noboa; Pedro Jose de Arteta; Manuel de Ascasubi; and Flores's own son, Antonio Flores Jijon, among others.
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Ecuador abolished slavery and freed its black slaves in 1851.
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Ecuador supported his claims with Spanish Royal decrees or Real Cedulas, that delineated the borders of Spain's former overseas colonies.
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Later, Ecuador contended that the Republic of Colombia, while reorganizing its government, unlawfully made its eastern border provisional and that Colombia extended its claims south to the Napo River because it said that the Government of Popayan extended its control all the way to the Napo River.
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When Ecuador seceded from the Gran Colombia, Peru decided not to follow the treaty of Guayaquil of 1829 or the protocoled agreements made.
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Ecuador countered by labeling the Cedula of 1802 an ecclesiastical instrument, which had nothing to do with political borders.
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Ecuador protested that it claimed the Amazon Basin between the Caqueta river and the Maranon-Amazon river.
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On 6 May 1904, Ecuador signed the Tobar-Rio Branco Treaty recognizing Brazil's claims to the Amazon in recognition of Ecuador's claim to be an Amazonian country to counter Peru's earlier Treaty with Brazil back on 23 October 1851.
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The pipeline in southern Ecuador did nothing to resolve tensions between Ecuador and Peru, however.
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Ecuador remained in power until 1976, when he was removed by another military government.
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Ecuador's government was committed to improving human rights protection and carried out some reforms, notably an opening of Ecuador to foreign trade.
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Ecuador brought Ecuador into the Bolivarian Alliance for the Americas in June 2009.
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Ecuador left the left-wing Bolivarian Alliance for the Americas in August 2018.
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In June 2019, Ecuador had agreed to allow US military planes to operate from an airport on the Galapagos Islands.
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On 24 May 2021, Guillermo Lasso was sworn in as the new President of Ecuador, becoming the country's first right-wing leader in 14 years.
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In October 2022, bloody riot among inmates at a prison in central Ecuador caused 16 deaths, among them was the drug lord Leonardo Norero, alias “El Patron.
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Ecuador is governed by a democratically elected president, for a four-year term.
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Ecuador is accompanied by the vice-president, elected for four years.
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Ecuador's judiciary has as its main body the Judicial Council, and includes the National Court of Justice, provincial courts, and lower courts.
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UN's Human Rights Council's Universal Periodic Review (UPR) has treated the restrictions on freedom of expression and efforts to control NGOs and recommended that Ecuador should stop the criminal sanctions for the expression of opinions, and delay in implementing judicial reforms.
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Ecuador joined the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries in 1973 and suspended its membership in 1992.
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Ecuador has often placed great emphasis on multilateral approaches to international issues.
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Ecuador is a member of the United Nations and a member of many regional groups, including the Rio Group, the Latin American Economic System, the Latin American Energy Organization, the Latin American Integration Association, the Andean Community of Nations, and the Bank of the South (Spanish: Banco del Sur or BancoSur).
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In 2017, Ecuador signed the UN treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons.
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Ecuador was an original member of the bloc, founded by left-wing governments in Latin America and the Caribbean in 2008.
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Ecuador asked UNASUR to return the headquarters building of the organization, based in its capital city, Quito.
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Ecuador is divided into 24 provinces, each with its own administrative capital:.
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In Ecuador, there are seven regions, or zones, each shaped by the following provinces:.
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Military tradition starts in Gran Colombia, where a sizable army was stationed in Ecuador due to border disputes with Peru, which claimed territories under its political control when it was a Spanish vice-royalty.
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Once Gran Colombia was dissolved after the death of Simon Bolivar in 1830, Ecuador inherited the same border disputes and had the need of creating its own professional military force.
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Ecuador is bigger than Uruguay, Suriname, Guyana and French Guiana in South America.
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Ecuador is one of seventeen megadiverse countries in the world according to Conservation International, and it has the most biodiversity per square kilometer of any nation.
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Ecuador has 1, 600 bird species in the continental area and 38 more endemic in the Galapagos.
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Ecuador has the first constitution to recognize the rights of nature.
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Ecuador had a 2018 Forest Landscape Integrity Index mean score of 7.
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In 2022 the supreme court of Ecuador decided that "“under no circumstances can a project be carried out that generates excessive sacrifices to the collective rights of communities and nature.
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Ecuador has a developing economy that is highly dependent on commodities, namely petroleum and agricultural products.
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Ecuador's economy is the eighth largest in Latin America and experienced an average growth of 4.
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Ecuador was able to maintain relatively superior growth during the crisis.
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In late 2021, Ecuador had to declare a Force majeure for oil exports due to erosion near key pipelines in the Amazon.
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Ecuador produces coffee, rice, potatoes, cassava, plantains and sugarcane; cattle, sheep, pigs, beef, pork and dairy products; fish, and shrimp; and balsa wood.
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Ecuador has negotiated bilateral treaties with other countries, besides belonging to the Andean Community of Nations, and an associate member of Mercosur.
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Ecuador was placed in 96th position of innovation in technology in a 2013 World Economic Forum study.
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Ecuador was ranked 91st in the Global Innovation Index in 2021 up from 99th in 2020.
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Major areas of scientific research in Ecuador have been in the medical fields, tropical and infectious diseases treatments, agricultural engineering, pharmaceutical research, and bioengineering.
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The Center for Research and Technology Development in Ecuador is an autonomous center for research and technology development funded by Senecyt.
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Not in vain, Ecuador is considered one of the 17 countries where the planet's highest biodiversity is concentrated, being the largest country with diversity per km2 in the world.
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Ecuador's population is ethnically diverse and the 2021 estimates put Ecuador's population at 17, 797, 737.
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Ecuador has a small population of Asian origins, mainly those from West Asia, like the economically well off descendants of Lebanese and Palestinian immigrants, who are either Christian or Muslim, and an East Asian community mainly consisting of those of Japanese and Chinese descent, whose ancestors arrived as miners, farmhands and fishermen in the late 19th century.
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The classic paradigm of the Italian immigrant today was not that of the small trader from Liguria as it had been before; those who emigrated to Ecuador were professionals and technicians, employees and religious people from South-Central Italy.
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In recent years, Ecuador has grown in popularity among North American expatriates.
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The first and most substantial wave of modern immigration to Ecuador consisted of Spanish colonists, following the arrival of Europeans in 1499.
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Best known art styles from Ecuador belonged to the Escuela Quitena, which developed from the 16th to 18th centuries, examples of which are on display in various old churches in Quito.
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Ecuador won the 2019 Giro d'Italia, and a gold medal at the Tokyo 2020 Olympics in the men's individual road race.
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